Cultural Diversity 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Cultural Diversity 2 - Essay Example(Gay, 2003).There is no one single definition of labeling. It is a form of unalikeiation through which people try to light upon and convention people with any similarity they may have. (Diller, 2004). However, labeling never leaves a positive impact on the person being designate since it a one of the major forms of prejudice and discrimination. (Hudak, Kihn, 2001). Moreover, labeling is judgmental. (Gallozzi, 2009). The people being labeled are judged and evaluated in relation to the specific stigma attached to them and become stereotyped. Labeling usually get under ones skins with a rendering and then turns into a stigma later on. (Gallozzi, 2009). For example, Harry always scores good at his tests so based on this fact, it can be said that Harry is intelligent. Here, intelligent is a description. However, if he keeps on scoring good, many people at his school would start calling him a nerd and would start associating eitherthing with him that are thought to be associated with a nerd. Eventually, even the people who dont know him and oasist even talked to him once would start judging him based on other peoples judgments and harry would be socially known as a nerd even if he is not. This is a label. (Diller, 2004). The most universal way of labeling people is through their personal attributes and habits, nationality, religion, culture, ethnicity, etc. (Hudak, Kihn, 2001).People tend to label those who are different from them. (Gay, 2003). It is a part of human psyche to group things and people together and then regard them as the same in order to prevent mental clutter. (Gallozzi, 2009). They prefer to attach similar characteristics and attributes to the entire group of people and things that they have created in their minds so that they do not have to think about every single member of the group individually. In this act of grouping, people often engage in stereotyping and discrimination and most of all, labeling. (All

On the Genealogy of Morals, by Nietzsche Assignment

On the family tree of Morals, by Nietzsche - Assignment Exampleth how some of us are slaves and some of us masters. Nietzsche asserts that the slaves recuperate happiness in the unhappiness of the masters, resulting in a sense of Slave Morality that challenges the hierarchical impairment of what is good or bad, and puts a face behind the oppressed. The real genius of the slave rebellion, according to Nietzsche, is in its going beyond a s simple inversion of value typesthe creation of a event behind the actual deed (131).Slave Morality introduces unbiased value through reflective rationality, a term that makes the person making judgments question their intentions and motives. This, in turn, introduces the idea of the impartial subject. Slave morality introduced impartial value slave morality is the morality of impartial value in that it is the morality of the value elect by an allegedly impartial subject (112). This impartial subject is in himself neither master or slave, but can freely chose to behave and to evaluate as either one or the new(prenominal) (123). This progression through slave morality, reflective rationality and impartial value is important to understanding Nietzchean

Has no topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Has no blow overic - Essay Examplentrastingly, people who depend on booking submit no choice but to work as the job regulations demand and since they do not have other alternatives to earn a living. People having immense wealth can get simple access to the lawmakers through their efforts of campaigning and and so protecting their assets.Alexis argues that America has been an egalitarian society. Egalitarian society is angiotensin converting enzyme that takes into consideration little power, status, wealth and prestige differences among individuals. According to Alexis (Brueggemann, 2010), there has not been prevention of individuals amassing resources to extreme extents thus ensuring fair resource distribution. In contrast to this view, Gabriel Kolko argues that, despite year-to-year fluctuations since 1910, there has been unequal income distribution. Gabriel asserts that America has a character assiduousness of wealth that is wealth is on the hands of only a few individuals in the society.The top 1% of the American rich own 33 percent of wealth in the United States. on that point are also another top 10% of the people possessing 69 percent of the assets. This means that the stay 90% majority of the people only own about 31% of the assets. From Table 7.2, we note that 27 percent of the wealth falls to the percentiles 50 to 90% and the bottom about half of the total existence possess only around 3 percent of the assets. Thus, it is evident from Table 7.2 that there is a whacking margin of inequality since the bottom 90 percent of the population is far poor compared to 1% of the population. contour 7.1 gives the trend of wealth owned by the richest 1% of the population right from 1774 to the year 2005. It shows the share to have hit the highest percentage in 1830s reaching 44 percent. The period between 1774 and 1860 saw wealth concentration rising with 1820s and the late 1840s experiencing steep increases (Brueggemann, 2010). This trend conforms to Ku znets hypothesis. Figure 7.2 shows the top bracket (groupings for taxation

Marketing Research on Selected Two Major Competing Brands Essay

Marketing Research on Selected Two Major Competing Brands - Essay ExampleAs the paper stresses the grocery storeing case study analysis of the Google Inc presented by Abt had demonstrated the marketing programs of Google precisely. Taking insights from his work, the nigh important facet of Googles marketing program is that it aims to make its applications and products accepted by all the market segments. An other important aspect of Google is that it allows both private and non-profit organization to use this search engine at absolutely free of cost. It is of no surprise to mention that Google works on the marketing motto that info gathering is a phenomenon of individuals, non-profit organizations and small and large businesses.This discussion declares that the external environment of Google is self-propelled in spirit and thus also provides opportunities and threats to the search engine. Google is on high demand and to remain competitive in this dynamic environment, it needs to predict the changes and accordingly adapt systems, cultures, strategies and also the process of alignment with the changes. In this respect, Google until now has undertaken some(prenominal) changes like that of the decision taken by Larry Page to step down from the role of Vice hot seat and make Eric Schmidt the front man for Google (CEO). This indicates that Google follows dynamic strategies within its internal environment to cope up with the of all time changing external environment. Google holds the top most position in the web and this position allows it to control each of the growth areas. Google has been so far applying marketing penetration strategies in the web industry for remaining on top. Free exposure and free benchmarking are some of the strategies that have been helping Google over the years. They always confine themselves aware of the competitive positioning and this trait of the company helps in achieving the competitive advantage over other competitors. The st rongest element of Googles marketing mix is their universal search product. This element always allows Google to every vote for or against any form of information and it is believed that this product type of Google is the ultimate generator of its

Literature review on performance management Essay

Literature review article on mental process management - Essay Examplet part summarizes the performance management process, the succor part provees the reasons for failure of performance management systems and the last part relates these reasons for failure to my shaping.Here the organization moldiness clarify the mission, goals, priorities and expectations to be achieved. Effective goals and objectives should be clearly define end results to be accomplished, should have a direct link to organization success factors, set in not more than three areas as attempting to achieve too many different goals at once impede success and should be catchy but achievable so as to motivate performance (Pulakos, 2004).Performance management planning is a tool of communication for ensuring mutual understanding of work responsibilities, priorities and performance expectations (Indiana University, 2005). The planner must review with the employees, both the expected results and the expected out cat s during the performance management cycle. These behavioral and results expectation must be tied to the organizations strategic goals and objectives (Pulakos, 2004).After the managers have set objectives and standards and communicated to all the employees. Their next role is observing how the employees put the set guidelines into practice and providing feedback. The managers should reinforce strong performance by an employee, identify, and encourage improvement where it is needed. Coaching is integrity method that the managers can use in improving employees productivity. University of California (n.d) explains, Coaching sessions provide you and the employee the opportunity to discuss progress towards meeting mutually-established standards and goals (para 4). According to the University, coaching is important because it strengthens communication between the manager and the employee, it helps the employees to attain performance objectives, it improves employee motivation and commitme nt, it maintains and increases the employees self-esteem

Education policy assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Education policy - Assignment ExampleThe tripartite education schema introduced cardinal levels of state funded education in England and Wales comprising of Primary school education, secondary school education and further or higher education. Primary school, also known as grammar school education was the first stage of learning, cooperative children up to the age of 11. It was further subdivided into three levels namely infant, nursery and junior levels (Bailey, 2010, pp. 26). The Secondary school or technical grammar schools represent the second level, which initially enrolled children between 11 and 15 years, although this was later increased to 16 beginning from 1973. Further education or Secondary Modern School, unlike the other two levels, was nonmandatory and admitted students beyond 16 years of age (Tomlinson, 2005, pp. 48).The tripartite education arranging was introduced in England and Wales as a response to the Prime Ministers desire to create an inclusive society wher e each person would have equal opportunity to enjoy advantages and privileged available in the country (Baldock, 2011, pp. 13). There was a great desire among the English people to create an identity of their own through the education system that would help individuals transition from the effects of the World War II to live independent lives. The tripartite system was then identified as the best alternative to empower the British society and promote victimisation of skills among the emerging crop of youths in the country. This system was spearheaded by people in the country such as Sir Cyril Burt, a prominent psychologist and Herwald Ramsbotham, president of the Board of Education at the time. The Tripartite system was relatively favored in the beginning before education became highly politicized in England and Wales, leading to abolition of the system and foundation of the Comprehensive System.Before the Education Act of 1944, there was no universal

Markets & Water rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Markets & Water reforms - Essay ExampleThe researcher states that questions regarding home become baffling when it comes to properties that stretch over the boundaries of many private properties (as well as public properties) knowledgeed by several(prenominal) owners such as irrigate bodies like streams or rivers. Therefore, it worthwhile to analyze water rights in the brighten of proportion issues. McPherson states that property has different connotations in different contexts and he rightly argues that property is a right and not physical possession. For instance, a person may be in possession of a brook on rent or for safekeeping on behalf of a friend or a landlord, barely that does not mean that the current occupant is the owner of the property. Assuming that rights will settle the matter as to who owns the property there are several instances where the boundaries of rights can become confusing. One is where the property is described as a common one and the other is where the property in question is a water body. As McPherson purports everyone has an doable claim to use common lands, public parks, city streets, highways. On the other hand, there are state-owned properties like for example, NASA or other properties owned by the state and federal governments. These properties do not provide the same rights to citizens as do common properties. Such properties are maintained for some specific purpose aimed at the wellbeing of the society or individual sections of the society and not for individual enjoyment. A court of law is an nonesuch example, which does not provide an enforceable claim to use sections of the property as in the case of a park or a highway. It may be used under certain conditions to address the rights of citizens to enforce law. The question here is where water bodies that cannot be defined clearly fall in the case of property rights. In an area where there is abundant rainfall or availability of common water bodies, this superpow er not be much of an issue. and the case of the American West, where availability of water is more of an issue, the rights of property becomes an issue that needs legal and statutory assistance to find a settlement. Gillian and Brown, in their paper coroneted Instream flow protection has discussed this issue in some detail, referring to the history of water disputes and laws right from the start of colonization of the country. For instance, the Spaniards followed their own domestic water laws which provide the property owner to use water flowing through their property. But public benefit would override private needs and in such an instance, the latter would prevail. British settlers, who prickle home had few problems with water, were not as well prepared. After attaining independence, different states in the union had to find their own laws regarding management of water and most were made according to current demands at the time. For example, the California gilt rush prompted l awmakers to allow property owners to use water for their own use. American law following British statutes aimed at implementing what is known as the Riparian law whereby any owner who has access to flowing water (watercourse) adjacent or through his property can make reasonable use of it for his own use.

The Electoral Landscape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Electoral Landscape - Essay casingWhile it is nothing new for voters to want for a change in political leadership, the 2008 presidential preference represented an important change in American politics. Barack Obama broke a major racial hindrance for African-Americans by becoming the frontmost black American president. Race is likely to be a a great deal less important issue in the future than it has been in the past because Obama has proven that race is no longer an absolute barrier to electability. Obama was able to overcome racial prejudice and the disadvantages of being a trivial known senator by taking advantage of the growing influence of the Internet and social media. The 2008 election was the first presidential election in which communication through the Internet played a major consumption (NPR). Lastly, between 2004 and 2008 the economy became the dominant election issue over issues of national security and terrorism. While the republican Party is generally seen as stronger on economic issues, the economic collapse in 2008 was blamed on the economic policies of Bush by a wide margin (Hagerty 1), and the War on Terror omit out of favor. Works Cited Hagerty, Barbara. Exit polls link Obama victory to economic fears. 4 Nov. 2008.

The Pirates of the Caribbean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Pirates of the Caribbean - set about ExampleFirst, the act of human sla real has not been eradicated totally. Secondly, the accounts on break ones backry give a very strong indication of why those dark days of slave trade should never be revisited. scene in which each text was produced The Pirates of the Caribbean is set around a context of legal transfer mission. but at that place is a whole ironic contextual twist to this as the rescue, which was to be done for the governors lady friend by Blacksmith Will Turner was done in conjunction with a pirate, Captain shit Sparrow. Due to the love of Blacksmith Will Turner for the governors daughter, it can be said that the rescue mission was based on love. This therefore creates a context of the need to die for a souls loved one even if it at times calls for doing this by fair or awful nub. Slavery and capture argon depicted in the context of producing The Pirates of the Caribbean because we see the governors daughter being ca ptured into what was certainly to be enslavement. With reference to Emmanuel Appadocca, there is the context of consequences of undermining the integrity of others. This is because Emmanuel Appadocca set himself on the pass of revenge purposely to proof to the rich sugar planter, James Wilmington that if it was his mother (Emmanuels mother) he did not relieve oneself respect for, he Emmanuel was in a position to show that there was a steering he could defend the integrity of his mother. The approach was indeed questionable and so this also brings to fore, the idea that when a person is forced to act for someone he loves, it is mostly done by every means possible even if done a foul means. Genres and how they baffled the Text All two sets of work that is The Pirates of the Caribbean and Emmanuel Appadocca have genres of action, adventure and fantasy. However, the mediums through which these two great works of literature were carried have a lot of influence on the messages and c ontextual themes they carried. Indeed, films and refresheds carry the same theme in different fashions. It is for this reason that there are several film versions of novels that had existed for long. In fact it would be expected that when a film and a novel are depicting the same theme, the film would have a realistic appeal of the theme than the novel. But indeed as far as the theme of slavery is concerned, the same cannot be said of The Pirates of the Carribean as against Emmanuel Appadocca. This is because in Emmanuel Appadocca, the writers setting and central theme was indeed at the time of the slave trade. This means that the writer had more exemplifying and elaborative way of presenting the issue of slavery than in The Pirates of the Caribbean. In the latter, though there was the theme of slavery, much of the writers attention was on the rescue and the love kin that existed between Blacksmith Will Turner and the governors daughter. Due to this, a lot of the action that the force of motion had in the film was centered on the rescue theme rather than elaborating on the operate and hardship associated with the capture. In the novel also, due to the lack of motion, the writer was forced to be really bathetic with his presentation on issues of slavery and so could better depict slavery through writing than it was through motion picture. Intended audience for text Some way some

How does Baz Luhrmann interpret Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet Essay

How does Baz Luhrmann interpret Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet - Essay ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that Baz Luhrmanns reinvention of Shakespeares classic Rome and Juliet depicts the classic tragedy through a visual kaleidoscope of Hong Kong action imagine paradigms of chaos and color. The Luhrmann production is unconventional, moving the location to Verona Los Angeles. The trademark use of color is juxtaposed against the bleak desktop of gang warfare, which permeates throughout the film. At the beginning of the film, Luhrmann opens with the prologue. In stark contrast to the well known Zeferelli form of the tragedy, Luhrmanns conveys the prologue as a newsreel on the television as a news report. The opening sequences and cognomen scenes of the film plays a springy role in engaging the audience and preparing the audience as to what to channel from the movie with great effect. This places the audience at ease. The opening sequences and title scenes of both f ilms play a vital role in engaging the audience and preparing the audience as to what to expect from the movie with great effect. Moreover, Luhrmann uses quickly flashes of the prologue at the beginning of the film either as newspaper headlines or in bold writing. Lurhmanns visual narrative mirrors Shakespeares use of symbolism in the opening scene as at that place appears a broken ring on the screen. This symbolizes the tragedy of Romeo and Juliets love story and further mirrors Shakespeares lexical technique of dramatic irony in his prose.

Berkeley provides (at least) two objections to Lockes Essay

Berkeley provides (at least) two objections to Lockes - Essay ExampleIn his second Principle, Berkeley claims that objects must be perceived in order to make it, for the existence of an idea consists in being perceived (Berkeley 461). He bases this enclose on the evidence that thoughts, passions and imaginative ideas can non exist without a mind capable of perceiving them. And (to me) it seems no less unvarnished that the various sensations or ideas imprinted on the sense, however blended or combined together (that is, whatever objects they compose), cannot exist otherwise than in a mind perceiving them (471). This goes directly against Lockes concept of primary properties which are expound as properties of an object that are true regardless of who perceives them or even whether they are perceived. Examples of primary properties imply the objects solidity, its figure, its relative motion to its surroundings and its quantity. In the example of a table, primary properties mogul i nclude its hard surface and open area between the legs, its flat surface and height from the ground, its soundless status within the room and its singular status as an object. While Locke says that these things exist whether or not anyone perceives them, Berkeley suggests that none of these elements of the object can be true without someone first perceiving that theyre true. In this, he essentially applies Lockes concepts of secondary properties to the entire object, eliminating primary properties. In truth, the object and the sensation are the identical thing and cannot therefore be abstracted from each other (471).Another area in which Berkeley disagrees with Locke is in the characterization of our understanding. Locke indicates that our perceptions and experiences of the world are learned and shaped by our experiences of innate things that exist in the square world independently of perception while Berkeley

File Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

File - show ExampleWhen they used the word parade, it was a symbol and a sideshow set up alongside in the ballet which failed miserably, (Smith, Stephane & Annette, 7) the culture that was seen as in the raw and trying to shock the audience as it was radically new embrace for its own sake. It also involved costumes that were wild, irreverent music and non-classical choreography pointed to a violent disco biscuit with the sentimental and patriotic aesthetic.War culture was evident as the nation-state remained the basic military, political, economic, social and cultural building block for the duration of the war with less regards to the universal ideologies that were coming in as the war became total. In separate cases, the European states were forces to drag their empires into war to make their armies stronger in a bid to conquer the war. It ended to no small degree thanks to intervention from outside Europe, which is the United States and the conflict came to an end.The war was characterized by the battle of European countries from the onset but it later came to absorb other parts of the world such as Russia. The European focus of the war mattered especially to the French in reflecting on the twentieth century addicted that the German defeat in 1940 suddenly and dramatically removed most of France and most of the French from the war. That is why the war was more accurately describe the conflict of the 1914 to 1918 as The Great War rather than foundation War I. The French nation was in crisis due to the bloodbaths of this war through the military defeat and the Nazi occupation if the Second World War this is why the stakes were high for the French nation in this war.Another characteristic of the war is that the French found ways to cope and gaining solace in songs, movies, and images of modal(a) people that they took to hear and gave them some reassurance of recovery. Evident is the power of popular myths

The Nature of the Pharmaceutical Industry Assignment

The Nature of the Pharmaceutical Industry - appellative ExampleI would ask them to give me the medications for now for the keep of my loved one is in riskiness and will ask them to hand for it in installments. If they do not agree to this, I will digest no other option besides breaking in and stealing the medicine, for the life of soulfulness I love is in danger. At that particular time, I am not going to have all ethical consideration, because all that will be running in my mind would be saving the life of someone I love. I will be ready for the consequences of my actions because I am aware of the point that what I would do is wrong and its result will not be in my favor simply for the time being my initial goal will be nothing but saving someones life. I do not care if they will file a law accommodate against me for at that time my only priority will be saving the person I love. 2.As the Chief Executive of a medicine supply business, it is my responsibility to ensure the safety of my consumer. If the ingathering has caused any sort of harm in the lives of the people who are purchasing our products, so it the responsibility of our firm to pay the damaged caused. In this case, it will be better to first fix the problem that exists in the product before it causes anymore damage to the customers. However it is also very important to give compensation to the customers for the deaths of their relatives or families. It seems that this action taken by the company will ruin its reputation and name in the eye of its customers, which is not true at all of our firm to .

Global warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

world(prenominal) heating plant - Essay ExampleAnd as the temperature in our waters heat ups-up, it harms and kills the algae which serve as fodder to other living organism in the ocean. When that happens, it inadvertently destroys the ecosystem and balance in the ocean.Carbon dioxide procession from our mapping of fossil fuels like bollix, oil and coal has been the primary culprit of planetary warming as it traps heat to remain in our atmosphere that makes it warmer. Much of cytosine dioxide emission comes from our energy use ranging from the electricity that lights our houses to the to the carbon emission of our cars and industrial plants. Fossil fuel has been the primary beginning of energy as it is cheap and constitutes 85% of the worlds primary energy source.A very significant portion of the greenhouse gas emission in the atmosphere comes from the developing countries. As they are trying to develop their economy and improve their living condition, the construction of industrial plants, warehouses, offices and other implements of production and development consumes unusual amount of energy that contributes to global warming (http//www.globalwarming.org).Such, this comes to fore the debate of whether it will be appropriate to de-carbonize the source of energy considering its greenhouse emission in the atmosphere. Such measure is debated and at odds with the energy requirement of the world especially with the developmental efforts of developing countries that needs tremendous amount of energy. For decarbonizing energy source will make energy high-ticket(prenominal) and will take toll on the growth of developing countries. Such, it is often argued that the measure of decarbonizing energy source is anti-poor as it stunts the efforts of developing countries to improve its living condition.But everybody agrees that the environment has to be protected and that the continuous warming of our atmosphere will have a serious consequence on the environment w eather design changes,

Eassy HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eassy HR - Essay ExampleHiring decisions ar the possible final opinions that can be adopted in a hiring process. They are culminating possibilities from the hiring process that involves enroling and choice processes of potential employees. The hiring decisions that I might witness in functional areas, manufacturing and accounting areas, include appointment of newly recruited employee, renewal, or extension of an employees contract, promotion of an employee, or dismissal of a particular employee or recruit for an alternative. The decisions largely rely on the line of merchandise specifications, job design, and the qualities that are demonstrated by the recruits in either of the possible hiring cases. A consideration of the expected roles of a potential employee, potentials of the recruit and the systems job design is for example essential in determining the ability of the recruit to adapt to the organizations structure and culture. Consequently, making the hiring decisions shou ld rely on the managements informed opinion based on the recruits past data from previous employers that allows for both human resource forecasting and quantitative forecasting of the recruits abilities. The resultant opinions of the hiring panel are then deliberated upon and a final decision is made on whom to hire for the subject position (Castillo and McAniff, p. 64).There exist varieties of strategies that can be used to recruit applicants into an organizations human resource. Examples of the most currently used recruitment strategies include job postings, application of the sucker media, mail recruitment, recruitment through personal contact and recruitment from an organizations interns. Job postings may be the traditional posting of job opportunities at a strategic place such as public notice boards or may be electronic on listing agencies websites and may be geographically target specific or may be universal. Recruitment through the media is however, regional

Accounts Sba Essay Example for Free

Accounts Sba EssayThe aim of my project is for me to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the financial sector of the business world. To draw up the financial records for the year 2009 for Jens Supermarket and to footnote on the entitys performance using appropriate tools of Analysis Description and Overview Jens Supermarket is a true and simulated entity owned by Jenevonne Kirton, who is the sole proprietor. Jens Supermarket is a developed supermarket which sells a variety of sustenance items and miscellaneous goods, serving most of the island in its convenient location. The supermarket employ fifteen staff along with Ms.The capital letter at beginning was 202800 while at end it was 208165 which showed an increase by 5365 at the end of the month. Suggestions/Recommendations underway Ratio It is recommended that Jens Supermarket 1. Uses the excess money to expand the business by opening another supermarket. 2. stick in new product to the business and purchase new e quipment. Gross Profit It is suggested that Jens Supermarket should 1. Source cheaper suppliers to accelerate the demand of goods so profitability would be greater at the end of the month. 2. Offer new promotions any week and offer the customers raffles at a chance to win prizes at the end of the year.These argon given to help Jens Supermarket increase unwashed profit and sales. Conclusion It is clear that Jens Supermarket keeps fitted records for the business to demonstrate the profitability over the financial period for the month. It could however, increase the current ratio and gross profit by incorporating the suggestions/recommendations outlined. Nevertheless Jens Supermarket made a good net profit for the month of December in 2009. Overall based on the performance of the business Jens Supermarket was able to call a profit of 6365 despite the low sales of 104 850.

Trends and profitability Essay Example for Free

Trends and winningsability EssayConstruction has grown dramatically because of trends. It has been utter By the year 2000, there were 10 times as many people on mankind as there were three hundred years ago and As of October 2008, the worlds population is estimated to be about 6. 7 billion, the population of the world human population increased by 203,800 all day. Due to this reason contuctions shit increased building to a greater extent homes, re advanceding buildings etc for the population. Clothe manufacturing has grown because of appearance, trends and profitability.So many people remove snips around the world, for this reason clothes manufacturers increase and say much clothes they atomic number 18 a number of manufactures in the world which produce different style of clothing which some are fashion e. g nike and addidas for instance, nike is a globally known mail and is worn by all ages starting from children to adults this brand has become very profitable for their business. clothes manufactures grow because of the human population in the world the more people the more they sell this is why clothe manufacturing is profitable.Secondary sector-Decline Car manufacturing is declining in the UK because of expert developments and strange imports. High tax rate is also another reason, car businesses in UK are decreasing because of versatile cars being imported from different countries, such as BMW, VW, Honda, Mercedes etc these cars are preferred by people live in the UK because it their high quality and economy. Other reasons is because of tax rate being too high which makes it strong to maintain a factory in the UK and car materials being too expensive to purchase and produce in this country.Some businesses in the UK procure a share of companies abroad to import cars and make profit in the UK Mini disc is a euphony player you fundament listen to music and present sound. Mini disc manufacturers are absolute declining because of techn ological developments. 2-3 years ago mini disc was a fashionable item to have everybody used them to listen to music and was very popular. Now since technology has true audio manufactures produced new products to listen to music such as cd players, Ipods, mobile phones and MP3 some of these items are popular and known globally, a percentage of the people use these items to listen to music.Tertiary sector-Growth Online obtain is evolution because of technological developments and lifestyle. Technology has developed in the last few years, online shopping has become more roughhewn and now it is easier and quicker to purchase products online, now you can buy all sorts of products on the internet clothe wears, accessories and foods, by using the internet people can shop easily. People prefer shopping on the internet rather than shopping in the markets because of long ques, spending money on travel and comfortability when shopping at home.Estate agencies are growing because of trends and profitability. The human population has risen in the last 300 years more homes have been built for this reason. So many people intend to purchase a house, so they can have a house of their own and a number of people buy houses from agents to sell them to private individuals and make profit. The statistics say a numerous of houses are being sold every year. Tertiary sector-Decline Music retail is declining because of technological developments.3-4 years ago in most markets they were loads of music stores available providing various kinds of music in cds, tapes, cassettes etc, now since technology has developed music stores are less(prenominal) of its numbers because of computers and internets these two components are used to download and listen to music, you can listen to different geek of music off the internet for free. People dont need to buy cds to listen to music anymore they can just download it off the internet from different sources for free.Analogue TV retailers are ab solute declining because of technological developments and analogue TVs were very common and was used by everybody in the past. When technology developed TV manufacturers produced new high definition television with more specifications such as built in DVD players, sullen ray, Radio etc. Analogues TVs are getting old and becoming unwanted products since everybody is interested in more advanced televisions.Bibliographyhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_populationRate_of_increasehttp//www.bbc.co.uk/food/food_matters/fishfarming.shtmlhttp//www.bbc.co.uk/food/food_matters/fishfarming.shtmlwww.wikipedia.org/wiki/fish_farmhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_food

The Importance of the Arts Essay Example for Free

The Importance of the Arts EssayMath was always my least favorite subject in school. I always had difficulty remembering the formulas and all the different rules. I didnt do well in all the other core subjects either. With no motivation and no interest, my grades apace suffered. I was always watching movies and television instead of doing homework. So when I saw that I could take playing class as an elective in steep school, it was obviously my basic choice. playacting class came a puny more(prenominal) naturally than math class did. Memorizing lines to a monologue was very much easier for me than formulas to some equation.It made me come out of my shell more and communicate more effectively. I began to attend forward to tests, which were usually performances, because I would be adequately prepared from all my practices. After taking acting class, I decided to take more performing graphics classes. Luckily the high school that I went to was the top public school for pe rforming liberal humanistic delay in the state. It allowed me to take chorus and dance on with acting. With so umpteen classes I enjoyed taking and doing well in, my grades reformd drastically.Taking all these performing art classes quickly became the salvation I needed and taught me many other meaning(a) lessons. But towards the end of my high school years, funds were cut from schools again. The performing arts department in my school struggled to keep the schedule strong with the budget cuts. By the time I graduated, a few classes were cut and the ones that were left couldnt afford the same things. These cuts affected other schools as well. For most schools across America, art programs were first to be cut.An article written by the Education Fund states that, during these difficult economic propagation, arts programs are the first to be sacrificed. In addition, in many schools where classroom space is limited, art studios are now tho contained in a cart that is wheeled b y instructors from room to room, severely limiting the arts teaching students receive. Although our program had not been cut, I was sad to see some of the classes go at my school among many others who enjoyed the arts. In an article written back in 2011 in the New York Times, Anna M.Phillips states, The situation is akinly to aggravate next year if the city goes through with its plans to layoff 4,100 teachers to save $269 million. Estimates released in February project that 350 of those let go provide be arts teachers, which would be a 15 percent drop in art, music and performing arts teachers. With all the classes being cut, students will be the first to suffer. Why would they cut classes that students enjoyed to come to memorise? The Arts live with cause a vital addition in education to help students become more successful.I was firsthand to witness this. The Arts allow students who dont grasp the teachings of subjects like math and English to have in a way that is more easily understand equal to(p) to them. not all students are the same nor do they conduct the same. In an article from USA Today online, Tamara henry states, Schoolchildren exposed to drama, music and dance may do a break-dance job at know reading, writing and math than those who focus solely on academics. Keeping art programs in school keister help students do well in school and lead to successful futures.Though it is said that careers in the arts are limited and that being an artificer isnt a real job, Valerie Strauss disagrees. In article she wrote in the Washington post titled Why we love artist but not the arts education she states, Top CEOs around the world are seeking out refreshing employees who can think creatively, be innovative in business development and marketing strategies and show striking leadership qualities that will wow clients. This is what businesses need to compete in the global marketplace.In a 2010 speculate by IBM, interviews with CEOs representing 33 industries and 60 countries identified creativity as the most important leadership skill for the future. Despite counter arguments against the arts, it is proven that it can help. That is why the arts are cardinal in education for improving childrens academic success, talk and companionable skills, and teaching them discipline. After I began to take performing arts class, my grades improved dramatically. The arts have helped many students across America better achieve higher education standards.Test scores prove this and the organization Arts for LA states that, In a national sample of 25,000 students, those students with high levels of arts-learning experiences earned higher grades and scored better on standardized tests than those with little or no involvement in the arts-regardless of socioeconomic status. Learning through the arts also appears to have significant effects on learning in other disciplines, with students consistently involved in dramaturgy and music showi ng higher levels of success in math and reading. After a raise in my GPA from my performing art classes, I soon saw another raise.I noticed that I was beginning to do better in my core classes as well. Memorizing lines of monologues and choreography improved my memorization skills help me with the different formulas and steps of math. Skills learned in art programs can be used towards learning math and English and help students. Jessica Velasco also states in her blog, Studying the lyrics of music can teach students about syllabification, phonics, vocabulary, imagery, history, myths, folktales, geography, and culture. Its evident that the Arts can improve students grades and test scores.It also can improve students attendance records. The Arts for LA also states, students involved in art are three times more likely to win an award for their school attendance. I knew when I went to school that I didnt want to miss any of my acting classes because I didnt want to miss out on learni ng something I enjoyed doing. The arts not only benefit students minds, but also their social and communication skills. With all of the performances to the public, its no wonder that the Arts can improve these vital skills needed everyday.When I first began performing, I was always nervous about talking in front of people. But the sodding(a) joy I found in performing made me more comfortable with public speaking. I remember when I was younger I had a bad habit of speaking really quickly when I got nervous. When I took acting class, my teacher made me very aware of the matter. She was constantly telling me not to rush my lines during practices. Now whenever Im speaking to anyone, I can hear my acting teachers voice in the back of my head yelling at me to slow downAs I became more comfortable being in front of people, I began to more make friends as well. The arts are a great way to bring students unneurotic and have them work together in a positive way. Henry also states, Multi-art s helps with reading, verbal and math skills improves the ability to collaborate and higher-order view skills. After taking acting classes, I became much more confident with public speaking. It has also helped me to do well in job interviews as well. The communication skills that can be learned through the arts can help students interact with others.Henry also states, Drama helps with understanding social relationships, complex issues and emotions improves surd thought and story comprehension. In acting classes, the teacher not only teaches you memorizes lines but teaches you to be able to comprehend that which you are reading. You learn to express different emotions and work with other people. Working with a radical of people so often, your team working skills improve which is very important to a students success. As students learn something they enjoy doing, it becomes less of a chore.This makes it much easier for a student to learn discipline. Despite the lazy artist stereoty pes, the arts can help motivate students to do work. When I began to take dance much more seriously, I started going to practices 6 days a week. It taught me that if I worked hard enough at something, I would reap the rewards. Henry had this to say about dance, Dance helps with creative thinking, originality, elaboration and flexibility improves expressive skills, social tolerance, self-confidence and persistence. Students learn persistence not only in dance but also in other areas of art like music. Velasco states, Students who take the time to master a musical instrument learn about hard work, practice, and discipline. While performing in a group like an orchestra, band, or chorus students learn to work together, appreciate teamwork, strive for a common goal, and develop negotiation skills. Students who learn discipline through art can then apply that to other fields in their lives.

High school education Essay Example for Free

last aim education EssayWe can all(a) say education is a big necessary in life, but do we really spend the appropriate time to it? . We sure not, at least I didnt for a couple of years. Freshman year on high school could be hat year you would never forget. Becomes a rude(a) life style, met new people, new hobbies, and new interests. Basically turns out to your biggest change in life.My high school education could of say it was more sportsman and adventurous than those kids who actually are focus to graduate with a high GPA, get an efficient scholarship, and attend to to a reputable university. I started out my freshman year good. I was attending to folk, participating and doing class work, I was doing homework. I had no problems, then after my freshman year was over I had galore(postnominal) friends that I was expected. Then I got to meet my true friends which I still hang out and do crazy stuff.My sophomore and junior year I went out of control laterally. I never was in school, just to go get my free luncheon because, who didnt wantd to be in lunch? Right. To be clearer, anywhere was a better place than school. Yeah I had so much fun, memories than I would never forget, unexpected trips, water balloons fights, ride horsing, and four wheeling, ditching parties, even run away from cops. But like how it needed to happened, it happened. My slacking in grades would be known eventually by my mom.Theres whizz thing that Ill be always glad for, I have the most overprotective mom in the world. Her reaction was immediately that the next day she knew about I was not going to school, she was on that point talking to the principle asking him to make a stop of it. All the trouble that I was into, and all the talks my mom and I had, it made my mind expand to reality and to convince myself that I was not doing good in school and that would affect my future.I catch up my senior year take up my GPA and grades to proudly get thehigh school education and be able to register at CNM. College is a different level than high school by too much. Here you cannot take the danger to slack not even a little. If you slack not showing up, or not turning homework, grades are really affected. College has help me to raise myself as an adult and take proprieties first. That you are who build your future, that knotty work always pays off. Im thankful to attend to college.

Senior Software Development Essay Example for Free

Senior Software culture EssayAccomplished, goal-oriented schooling Technology Professional with 14+ years experience in software victimization and body integration. Dynamic Leader with exceptional ability in successfully completing projects in the Banking, Manufacturing, Transportation, take Control, Telecommunincations, Billing agreements, and E-Commerce industries. Excellent customer service skills with an in-depth knowledge of EAI utilizing Websphere MQ and Websphere Message Broker. Received a Bachelor of Information Technology from Cambridge International University and Advanced Diploma in Information Technology from TAFE College Seremban. Strong analytical and entropy modeling skills.Fluent in English Bahasa Malaysia CORE KNOWLEDGE AREAS Oral / Written Communication Skills fight Resolution carcass Development / Integration Superb Organizational Skills Research Development Project direction Analytical Skills Team LeadershipCERTIFICATIONSIBM Certified settlement Desi gner WebSphere MQ V6. 0, 10/10/2007IBM Certified System Administrator WebSphere MQ V5.3, 07/07/2006 schoolmaster EXPERIENCESCOPE INTERNATIONAL SDN BHD., (Crystal Plaza, P.J) 2003-PresentTechnical Specialist true the Security Solution for MQ Connectivity (MQ 5.3) that executes extensive flight readiness tests with a 100% rocket engine behaveance success rate. excessively developed the MQ Security Channel Exits and Message Exits utilizing RSA BSAFE CryptoC OpenSSL cryptographic libraries.successfully developed and maintained Message track Service to assist the Production Support Team and connected applications to check transaction statuses.Wrote a denotation conversion program to handle ASCII to EBCDIC and various Chinese Character Sets and ASCII / EBCDIC Characters. Successfully converted the Chinese characters from atomic number 53 Character Set to another based on the impartd conversion table.Implemented SSL for MQ Connectivity in the AIX, Windows, Solaris, Linux and AS 400 environments.Wrote the Application knowledgeability Guides and shell scripts to simplify SSL implementations.Successfully introduced the PKI Management Guide for SSL certificate management approved by the Banks GIS (Global IT Security) team.Wrote a java program to convert files to MQ depicted objects and can be configured to handle concurrent requests and handle grouping of MQ messages.Consulted with IBM team to conduct the POC to benchmark and test WTX Datapower for its application in Banks EAI model. Evaluated the functionalities and product exerciseance.Evaluated XSLT Node against Java imagine Node for XSLT Transformations. Wrote Java Compute Node to handle XSLT Transformations.Enhanced the security requirement on message encryption and digital signature authentication by hardware security modules (HSM) between Mainframe and mid-range platforms such as Windows 2000, AIX, NT and Sun Solaris.PATIMAS COMPUTERS BERHAD. 2002-2003Senior Software Engineer Automatic Identific ation TechnologyCustomized and enhanced active functionalities including coding, interface designing, and analysis work for an intranet based application developed for the stock broking industry.MADAVAN RAMAN page TwoPROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE(Continued)PDX INFOWORLD SDN. BHD. 1999-2002Senior Software Engineer Research Development substantial a client interface communicate with a bank host application utilizing ISO8583 standard messaging protocol. The verifiable of this project was to perform bank direct credit and account card transactions with bank.Consulted with Network and Software Engineers to collect breeding on connectivity and message format specifications.Successfully developed and completed a program in deep brown which successfully communicated with a bank host application to perform a financial transaction.Collaborated with NERA Telecommunications, the main supplier of Hypercom products.Installed, configured and wrote a java interface to IBM Payment host(TM) for AIX, Windows NT, and Solaris.Installed SET Certificates for encryption and signature to perform the sales transaction utilizing JAVA and socket programming.Led a team of seven staff members consisting of a System Analyst and Programmers to develop a gateway server application that linked Service Suppliers with Service Providers. The objective of the project was to ensure the connectivity is standardized and simplified for the Service Providers utilizing XML for the interface to modules and subsystems.Successfully integrated the system utilise a MQSeries JAVA client.ELECTRONIC COMMERCE SERVICES SDN. BHD. 1999Software Consultant Professional Service surgical incisionDeveloped a client interface for a research and development project to communicate with a bank host application utilizing the ISO8583 standard messaging protocol. The project objective was to direct credit and debit card transactions with the bank.Consulted with Network and Software Engineers to collect information o n connectivity and message format specifications.Successfully completed the Telecom Billing System project for Telokom Malaysia Bhd. updating the existing billing system to provide a manageable billing system.PINNACLE CONSULTANCY SDN. BHD. 1997-1998Software Consultant Professional Service DepartmentDeveloped the PANTAS2 103 Directory Service for a major telecommunication service provider, Telekom Malaysia Bhd. integrated with Ericson software to enable communication with mobilize exchange.Significantly increased speed and response time through the utilization of native functions such as Oracle OCI calls and C++ dlls.SOFTWARE ALLIANCE (M) SDN. BHD 1995-1997Analyst Programmer Professional Service DepartmentParticipated in the development of a Flight combination Tracking System for Malaysian Airlines Systems (MAS) to provide Flight Crew Activity planning, monitoring and scheduling, constraint and legality verification.Utilized graphical user interface to display with-it daily fligh t roster developed under OS/2 platform using C/C++ Set 2 Presentation theater director Programming, and DB2 database.MESINIAGA SDN. BHD 1994-1995Programmer Professional Service DepartmentDeveloped the Pacific Interlink Order Tracking system utilized to track orders and provide up-to-date status. This system was developed under the OS/2 platform, C/C++ Set 2 Presentation Manager, and DB2 database.MADAVAN RAMAN Page ThreePROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE(Continued)MESINIAGA SDN. BHD, continuedSuccessfully developed a stock movement and packaging label printing system created to print bar codes and product information utilizing the OS/2 platform, C/C++ Set 2 Presentation Manager Programming, and DB2 database.TECHNICAL SKILLS Open Source Packages Apache Web Server with Apache JServ Module, Apache Tomcat, JSP jPos (JAVA based financial exchange/payment framework), OpenSSL (Cryptographic Library)J2EE JAVA Packages JDBC, JMS-Java Message Service, JSSE-Java Secure Socket Extension, JAXP-Java A PI for XML Processing, Java ServletPlatforms AIX 5.2, Redhat Linux, Windows, Solaris, OS/2Databases DB2, OracleWebsphere Products Websphere Message Broker 6, Websphere MQ 6, MQSI 2.1, Websphere MQ 5.3Other Products PM4Data 8.1 (Metastorm), TDE 125 ( Tivoli Data Exchange Metastorm )Programming Languages Java, C / C++, Unix Shell scripting, WMB ESQL, COBOL, Pascal, Clipper, Presentation Manager Programming (C++)EDUCATIONCambridge International University, Kuala LumpurBachelor of Info. Tech, 2004Western Australian Department of Training. TAFE College SerembanAdv. Diploma In Business (Info. Tech.), 1994Western Australian Department of Training, TAFE College SerembanAdv. Cert. Of Info. Tech., 1993Sekolah Menengah Rendah Palong 4, Gemas Negeri Sembilan, S.P.M., 1991TRAININGMesiniaga Sdn. Bhd. Presentation Manager ProgrammingSoftware Alliance Sdn. Bhd. Practical Approach To Data Modelling, Introduction To Visual Basic, Introduction To SQL Windows sphere International Sdn. Bhd. WMQ Sys tem Administration II, WMQ Application Programming, WMQ Designing Architecting Clustering Solution, Introduction to WMB 6, Application Design with Websphere MQ

Effects of Federal Mandates on Intergovernmental Relations Essay Example for Free

Effects of Federal Mandates on Intergovernmental relations EssayPublic Policy making is a central task of the Government. There has been concerns regarding the influence case mandate on intergovernmental relations. In order to understand and evaluate these influences we will discuss the influence of the intergovernmental residence hall over the Medicaid schedule. We will also analyze the importance of interest alignment between the federal and states Governments and auditing transparency in order to ensure smooth working of these public classs. Medicaid is the health insurance program that is administered by the states and monetary funded jointly by federal and state governments (Weissert 1992). The Medicaid has an important place in the history of medical interposition in the U. S. An organisation noble in conception has two proportions to put up with. The dual dimension challenges are to cope up with the ever-changing needs of patients with ever increasing be cod to advances in medical knowledge, medicines and technology. From the other side the pressure is to find solutions in the restricted budget and to handle the changing political pressures. From its beginning the Medicaid gone with many reforms. Researchers commit identified few challenges facing Medicaid in order to cater the needs of the patients.They are keeping it clear to engage service aimrs in decisions or engaging the wider public. Secondly to develop a link between the public and the health system. Third, Quick solutions through open discussions. The fourth is to take a long run at this. Finally, achieving above goals and much more from the Medicaid by engaging users and patients in the decision making process. The last few decades have seen a major(ip) diversify in the Primary care requirements, affix in the ageing population, widespread of chronic diseases, increase in the patients awareness, and greater accountability due to increased exposure (Coote, 2005).This has cre ated a mental image shift in the requirements of patients. The increasing trend of client centred services has made it important for the Medicaid to find ship canal to provide rapid and easy to access primary care to the patients. According to the Department of Health change plan the vision of change in Medicaid should be directed towards the needs of the patients rather than the service providers. In order to approach the change process effectively the professional role of the NHS staff should also be transformed.These steps towards modernisation were indicated ) Adoption of change by the Medicaid staff. 2) Governments role in acquire rid of barriers in the way to change. 3) The method for education and training should also be restructured. Since the Medicaid program is undertaken with the link efforts of the federal and state governments it can clearly provide the picture of the influence of states in intergovernmental relations. The administration of the Medicaid program prov ides the state governments with experience, management abilities and the information of the important aspects of effectiveness of such programs for low-income group.Both the federal and state governments fund the Program. It is often the case that there is vast difference in the goals of both state and federal governments. In order to justify the expenses it is mandatory for the federal government to undertake audit programs (Anton 1997). The process of testifying Medicaid program has ever remained controversial as it has been noticed many times that state agency faces lesser criticism era warranting on the Medicaid program.This has remained a moot issue between the state and federal governments as often passage of arms arises on the same issue between the two government levels. A lack of collective exercise has been felt between both the federal and state level governments. The situation seems to threaten the federalism. State governments have the expertise to undertake analysi s and suggest improvement measures but these expertise are not use to promote intergovernmental relations hence adversely effecting the potential program improvements. Both the state and federal governments at a set rate fund the cost for the Medicaid program.It has been observed that the governments of distinct states keep on experimenting with different payments mechanisms mostly aimed at reducing their cost through transferring their the cost of the program to the federal treasury (Weissert and Weissert 2006). The states use different funding processes in order to draw down funds from the central government without disbursement their own funds. One such way is to increase the payment rate for the eligibility of public care providers. This high payment rate in turn gives rise to the share of the federal government.The state governments get rachis the portion of the bare through tax imposition or voluntary contributions. Although many states use this surplus amount in the prov ision of other public facilities to the people but still there has been doubts regarding the graceful and transparent use of these funds. States use two such programs Under disproportionate share hospital payments (DSH payments) program the state governments provides higher amounts of funds to public hospitals and community health centers which serve people from low income group. through the Upper payment limits (UPL) states reimburse some of these providers up to the highest Medicaid reimbursement rate (Weissert and Weissert 2006 267). These programs are implemented to cover the costs of care provision to low-income Medicaid and uninsured patients. The states use intergovernmental transfers (IGTs) to transfer back the funds at the different levels of government. The dependableness of these (IGTs) as the evidence of payment recycling is suspicious.Although it is through the federalism the possibilities for acquiring information regarding the policies increases because of the impro ved chances of experimentation due to decentralization but on the other hand it is also federalism which acts as a constraint to undertake measures according to that information. The higher degree of discord between the federal and state level governments results in determine of the wastage of the state potential which can be used for the well being of the nation at federal level. This is what we call the failure of federalism, where the state level expertise are not acknowledge in national policymaking.

Utopia of Art and Entertainment Essay Example for Free

Utopia of Art and Entertainment EssayThe movie, Funny Face, is an enjoyable, entertain and for certain a classic in cinema. Amidst the theatrical performance surface, it makes as fine material for criticism. Richard Dyer highlights this very healthful using the concept of utopia in entertainment. It left a mark in the way I lookedand observedthe film from the general and critical merits. The central figures play a part in this. On mavin side you have Joe Stockton, an admirer of philosophy and book worm and the other in Dick Avery, who is a photographer and represents the side of entertainment. Watching the movie reinforced the notion through the numbersthe little escapades of the theatre. From the wondrous dancing, catchy songs and overall tug of war, the numbers performed by Joe, Avery and the rest of the cast were in what Dyer would point pop out to be contradictionsbetween entertainment and art. In the case of the movie, these contradictions are seen and most notably in galore(postnominal) formssome appear direct and some indirect.The number, Clap Yo Hands played during the infiltration of the emphaticalist lecture suffer was one such form that resonate a direct sense of opposingperhaps persuadingan nimbus to change tone. From the dim, gray, contemplative mood to the upbeat and entertaining force that enters the room itself, art became a branch where entertainment could escape and simply enter into the frameall in the process of a leap number. A notice of these numbers and one can see an implied tug of war between the tone of artistic pursuits (the purpose of Joe) and entertainment overtones (the purpose of Dick and his cohorts).The numbers become signs in themselves, seemingly because of the theatrical non-representative elements in the dance formin the beat, rhythm and music selection. These little details construct a meaning for the audience and influence it as wella happier finds its value in entertainment, which overrides the feeling of the dreary. It was certainly a delight to have seen such a classic in Funny Facefrom the fashionable costumes, entertaining dances to the subtle humor and introspections one can get from it.

Non Probability Sampling Methods Essay Example for Free

Non Probability take in Methods EssayNon- probability take is that sampling procedure which does not afford any basis for estimating the probability that severally item in the population has of being included in the sample. In this type of sampling, items for the sample be selected deliberately by the enquiryer his choice concerning the items remains supreme.Non-Probability consume MethodsThe common feature in non probability sampling methods is that subjective judgments ar utilise to determine the population that are contained in the sample. The common groups are discussed below1. Convenience try2. Judgement Sampling3. Quota Sampling4. Snowball samplingConvenience SamplingThis type of sampling is used primarily for reasons of convenience, researchers might either be in need of imperative data so cannot conduct a thorough research or it is simply to satisfy ones rareness ab reveal a subject. This form of sampling is used mostly in marketing studies. For example a new yog hurt processing company is interested in knowing opinions about the new return (issues like flavour of the yoghurt, consistency of the yoghurt and packaging). The perception is to produce what would best appeal to the customers. A nonpublic researcher has been hired and he asks his neighbours (convenient sample) their opinion about the yoghurt.Judgement SamplingThe researchers in-person judgement guides the selection criteria his discretion that the selected members are representative of the entire population guides the findings. It is used mainly in product tests.For example a research team has been constituted to conduct a survey, if one of the members drops out the dominion investigator has the right to appoint a replacement. This would be done at the discretion of the principle investigator.6.3.1.3 Quota SamplingThis is a very commonly used sampling method in marketing research studies. Here the sample is selected on the basis of certain basic parameters such as age, sex, income and occupation that describe the nature a population so as to make it representative of the population. The Investigators or field workers are instructed to choose a sample that conforms to these parameters. The field workers are assigned quotas of the number of units satisfying the required characteristics on which data should be collected. However, before collecting data on these units, the investigators are supposed to verify that the units confine these characteristics. Suppose we are conducting a survey to study the get behavior of a product and it is believed that the buying behavior is greatly influenced by the income level of the consumers.We assume that it is possible to divide our population into three income strata such as high-income group, middle-income group and low-income group. Further it is known that 20% of the population is in high income group, 35% in the middle-income group and 45% in the low-income group. Suppose it is decided to select a sample of si ze two hundred from the population. Therefore, samples of size 40, 70 and90 should come from high income, middle income and low income groups respectively. Now the various field workers are assigned quotas to select the sample from each group in such a way that a total sample of 200 is selected in the same proportion as mentioned above.6.3.1.4 Snowball Sampling The sampling in which the selection of additional respondents (after the first small group of respondents is selected) is based upon referrals from the initial set of respondents. It is used to sample low incidence or rare populations It is done for the efficiency of finding the additional, hard-to-find members of the sample.6.3.1.5 Advantages of Non-probability Sampling It is often cheaper to probability sampling. It is acceptable when the level of accuracy of the research results is not of utmost importance. Less research metre is required than probability samples. It often produces samples quite similar to the popula tion of interest when conducted properly.6.3.1.6 Disadvantages of Non-probability Sampling You cannot calculate Sampling error. Thus, the minimum required sample size cannot be calculated which suggests that you (researcher) may sample too a few(prenominal) or too many members of the population of interest. You do not know the degree to which the sample is representative of the population from which it was drawn. The research results cannot be projected (generalized) to the total population of interest with any degree of confidence.

The Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

The speckle Band canvassLooking at The Speckled Band and two other stories comment on the way Conan Doyle uses the section Watson I the stories. I have read 3 stories of secret agent Holmes, written by the famous author, Sir Conan Doyle. The three stories I have looked at be The Speckled Band, The Engineers Thumb and The Man with the writhe oral cavity. My main decoct is on the character Dr Watson and how Doyle illustrates him.I spot that Dr Watson is affectionate by the way he approaches hatful, I maxim this in The Engineers Thumb, when he is caring for Mr Hatherlys severed thumb, and how he treated it. Also in The Man with the Twisted Lip he cares for Kate Whitney and gives her advice to do about Isa because he has not been home for two days. He makes her spirit comfortable when advising her we know this because it says in the text have some wine or water, and sit here(predicate) comfortably and tell us about it.Therefore it shows us that it is in his nature to d eal with people that are upset, and he is very good at doing it. Again in the The Man with the Twisted Lip when Kate comes to him late at night, because she is upset and needs advice, in the text it quotes I want the Doctors advice and help this straight off tells me and the audience that people seek Watson for help. Quote from the text we soothed and comforted her, again it tells us that he is manakin I friendly.Through this I kind of get the feeling that many people in the Sherlock Holmes stories people, made visits to Watson for advice, because he was a nice and comfortable man to talk to and didnt push you quick so he could see another client, and unders excessivelyd how the client must feel. He is very fond of Holmes and id a very good companion as he always does investigations with Holmes I refer to this in The Speckled Band when Holmes is at the end of bed and tells Watson about a client and a investigation they are going to have to look into an investigation and he replies I would not miss it for anything.This tells me that he impart always be there for Holmes to help him out, in my words an acolyte. When you have a friend then you must have organized religion in the friend so Watson has a great level of trust in Holmes. Holmes is not the brightest person either as it is always Holmes that works out the investigation, as Holmes effected what the speckled band was in the The Speckled Band. He realised that it was a serpent that was killing people, and it was unrivalled of the pets Dr Grimesby Roylott which he had brought over from India.Watson has no fear really either as he write downed the room with the snake in which could kill people in a playe most people would fear to enter a room with something this deadly. Throughout the stories of Sherlock Holmes Watson appears to be the narrator, he tells the story as it goes along from what he sees of it and tells about his and Holmes investigations, but never works them out for himself, only when H olmes says the result of the investigation he realises.We know this by in The Man with the Twisted Lip he is saying what is going on We hear the door open this is just as the story goes and it tells us he is the narrator as when he speaks it is in speech marks. This tells us that Watson is telling the story for us, in other words the narrator. When Watson narrates though his vocalise is not impersonal to Holmes as he does have the greatest respect for him, we can tell this by when Holmes is at the end of his bed in The Speckled Band he narrates just a smaller resentment, for I was in myself in regular habits.This does not show hate to Holmes it just shows a bit of annoyance as he is at the end of the bed, when Watson is waking up in the morning, and Holmes is seeing him do habits which everybody does when they wake in the morning. I can tell through this that he does not seem too pleased about Holmes at the end of the bed, but still even though he is he shows a lot of respect to Holmes.

Computer network Essay Example for Free

Computer network EssayThe cyberspace is network of networks, linking reck angiotensin converting enzymers to computers sharing the TCP/IP protocols. distributively runs softwargon to provide or serve information and regain and view information. The internet is the transport vehicle for the information stored in files or documents on other computers. It is sometimes comp ard to a giant international plumbery system. The internet itself does non contain information. What it was found in is one of the computers linked to the internet.The Internet, A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks development standardized communication protocols. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of academic, government, private, business, public networks and, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad ramble of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies.The internet can exact many services, like Electronic mail(e-mail) that permits you to send and incur mail, Telnet(remote login) that permits your computer to onto another computer and practice it as if you were there, FTP(File Transfer Protocol) allows your computer to rapidly retrieve daedal files intact from a remote computer and view or save them on your computer, etc. To access the internet by computer, you need a computer, a modem or other telecommunications link, and software to connect to an Internet Service Provider. The internet is indeed a wonderful, amazing and brilliant gift that has been given by accomplishment to tender-hearteds.Presently in this modern era, the Internet plays a significant role in our daily human life. Whereas, we are seriously addicted to using the Internet in this century. Moreover, pot like to spend vision of our human lives. Ten years ago, the Internet was practically unheard of by most people. Today, the Internet is one of the most powerful tools throug h expose the world. The Internet is a collection of various services and resources. According to Russ Brock, a director and consultant at the Center for Innovation and Inquiry, the Internet is main components are E-mail and the orbit Wide Web.Theres a lot more to the Internet than E-mail, search engines, celerity tissue sites, up-to-the-second sports scores, and chat rooms full of risk discussions. The Net in addition ranks as one of todays best business tools if its used adroitly. Almost all households contain the Internet however, before people connect to the Internet, they need to be aware of its disadvantages and advantages. Many fear the Internet because of its disadvantages. They claim to not use the Internet because they are afraid of the possible consequences or are simply not interested.People who hasten yet connected to the Internet claim they are not missing anything. Today s expert society must fancy, it is up to them to protect themselves on the Internet. Half of U. S. adults, or 94 million Americans, arent online. Children using the Internet have become a big concern. Most parents do not realize the dangers involved when their children log onto the Internet (Children and the Internet). When children are online, they can easily be lured into something dangerous. When children talk to others online, they do not realize they could actually be talking to a harmful person.As a result, there have been many cases where children have been convinced to meet people they have talked with online. In fact, stories seem to come out every week a child or teenager lured into something foolish, dangerous, or even deadly on line. Cathy Cleaver of the Family Research Council claims that it is against the law for a molester to even attempt to find children online In addition, children may also receive pornography online by mistake therefore, causing concern among parents everywhere. Whether surfing the Web, reading newsgroups, or using email, children can be exposed to extremely inappropriate material.Pornographic sites tend to make sure they are the first sites to be listed in any search area thus, children come across such sites easily. A man from Pearl, Mississippi was arrested in 1996 for downloading pornographic images of children from the Internet. He was charged with 290 counts of child pornography). Some critics say that parents are responsible for their own children on the Internet because there are available services to protect children. To keep on children safe, parents and teachers must be aware of the dangers.

Violence Against Women In India Essay Example for Free

Violence Against Women In India EssayOn December 16, a 23 year- senior woman in Delhi, was gang-raped and almost left for terminal by six men in a moving bus. More shocking this was the 636th rape in Delhi in 2012, according to the reported figures available with the National Crime Records Bureau. In Bangalore, two days subsequently the Delhi rape, a girl was pulled into a shop in her own neighbourhood and raped by the owner, objet dart his friends kept watch.India was never very safe for women, but of late there seems to be a rank disrespect that is governed neither by societal nor legal norms. It seems to be simply up to the men to consummate violence and for women to safeguard themselves as best as they can. The police argon too biased to be effective. Tehelka magazines sting operation in April on senior police officials in Delhi-NCR, revealed that to a greater extent than half chose to blame rape victims. Unless a woman is fully covered from head to toe at all times, s he wants men to rape her, declared Arjun Singh, SHO of Surajpur Police Station. With such attitudes, it is not surprising that victims are opposed to enter our police stations and that most attacks go unreported. Technology also assaults our senses every hour. Mobiles share lubricious details while TV stations broadcast them like prime time entertainment, instead of development the space to condemn or discuss such matters seriously, thus becoming active participants in gender injustice.Social dividesThese crimes against women are part of a wider change where reactionary forces are becoming dominant. Globalization seems to lose narrowed the space available for women even further by creating economic and social divides that provoke a conservative backlash from those who feel left out.According to eminent Kannada writer Vaidehi, violence against women is as old as the Mahabharata. But the rapid changes in our society seem to be escalating the scale of this violence. Says William D alrymple in the doorway to his fascinating book, Nine Lives, The speed of development is breathtaking the sort of construction that would take 25 old age in Britain, comes up here in five months. So extraordinary is all this that it is easy to throw off the fragility and unevenness of the boom. Within twenty minutes of leaving the Gurgaon headquarters of Microsoft or Google Asia, cars and trucks are root to give way to camel and bullock carts. This is a very different India indeed.And it is this different India whether in Karnataka or Maharashtra or Haryana that the new India call for to comprehend rather than ignore. Sharat Chandra Srivastava, violinist who performed at the GirlCott show, feels the mutual mistrust comes from the replacing of friendship norms by a highly individualised society. Agrees Sufi musician Rabbi Shergill, I wish there were more than neutral cultural spaces where the two (worlds) couldve interacted a little more naturally. Gurgaon had a functioning society before we got there. The malls, pubs, multiplexes just seemed to look down on it it seemed to grudge people their draw in the great lottery of life. You dont just barge into someones house and act all loud. Id like to see the discourse move to the countryside where the eve-teasers come from and start a genuine dialogue. What do you dislike about us?But before dialogue can emerge, basic safety needs to be in place, with secure public transport, and open, well-lit public spaces. Gurgaon shows a horrific crime graph and its Mahatma Gandhi Road, connecting the numerous malls and swanky housing estates, is now called the Rape Mile. Women returning from work carry pepper spray the streets are dimly lit and deserted by evening. Only 3,286 cops cover the vast urban sprawl. And nobody takes accountability when anything goes wrong.Says Richa Dubey, who initiated the successful Gurgaon GirlCott campaign in April, We are trying to get back a sense of collective responsibility. Th is is where we live and work, we all need to work to make it safe.The GirlCott, provoked by the kidnapping of a Sahara gist employee on her way home, decided to hit the commercial complexes where it hurt by a no safety, no money shopping boycott, and firmly put the spotlight on how the urban dream of Gurgaon had turned into a nightmare for its working professionals.A host of citizens and organisations including Whypoll (maps unsafe places), Breakthrough (Bell Bajao), Indian Institute for Human Settlements, and Jagori, came together at GirlCott and are now working on a long-term plan for safety. As the Citizens collective Against Sexual Assault says, Women have a right to be safe In homes, on streets, in buses and in workplaces.

The Whole Palestinian Israel Conflict History Essay

The Whole Palestinian Israel Conflict History EssayPalestine is one and only(a) of the historic country in the shopping center East, Palestine is surrounded by Lebanon in the northern, Syria in North East, Jordan by the East gradient, Egypt by the South West side, and the Mediterranean sea in the West side. The explicate Palestine came from a group of people that use to live in Palestine before the Kanaaon the loss leader of the group his name was Falasta and the tribes used to be c all in alled Fasteen and each one of the tribes used to be name Flste when the Kanaaon came to Palestine, some(prenominal) of the tribes came to prep arher in one hand that no one could come between them, then they named it Flesten and by ages the name changed to Felesteen/ Palestine. (Transition word) Palestine is the most wanted country in the world leaders used and still fight to have it for them because Palestine has diversity of cradle of civilization and religions, it is also the central of Middle East and it include the ternary continents, Asia, Europe and Africa. Palestine also divers of the Mediterranean climate and it has the four-spot seasons all year long for instance in north its cold and windy, in the East side close to Jordan River is very strugglem. That is what made Palestine the most wanted country in the world.The whole Palestinian- Israel encroach started in 1915. The agreement started between the government Britain and France, to divide the Arab nation between them. France got Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey and Britain got Jordan and Palestine (The Balfour contract pg.240) In 1917 Balfour result the Zionist movement achieved the first movement its first real success, when the British issued the Balfour Declaration His Majestys Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a content home for the Judaic people, and will use their best mop upeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object it being clearly understood that nothing This declaration culminated in the creation of the deposit of Israel. 1936 a six months in superior general strike in Palestine was during the British mandate by Palestinian Arabs in Palestine that lasted from 1936 to 1939. In April 1936, the Arab leadership in Palestine declared a general strike to protest once against, and put an end to Jewish immigration to Palestine. The revolt was driven primarily by Arab hostility to Britains permission of restricted Jewish immigration and land purchases, which Palestinian Arabs believed was leading them to becoming a minority in the territory. In 1948 the state of Israel was created the struggle between Zionist and Palestinian had left with dickens unsettled topic till nowa daytimes. The 1948 contend between the Zionists and Palestinians, then between Israel and Arab state left two unresolved issues. First, although the state of Israel received the acquaintance of most states in the world, the surrounding Arab states did not extend it recognition The second gear, unresolved issues was what to do about the line of the Palestinian refuge (Gelvin, 2005,Pg.283) During the war, Israel, decide to kick all the Palestinian form their home and exploded 600 colonisations so they wont come back to it. The 1967 war The current factual setting continues to be largely a result of the outcome of the Six-Day War in 1967 and subsequent development associated with Israeli occupation of the West Bank, capital of Israel and Gaza.(Friel, Falk, 2007, Pg.11) The six days war, Israel divided Palestine into parts. Palestinian start to immigrated to some other(prenominal) cities that are when Palestinians become refugee for the second time. The countries surrounded by Palestine told them to leave so they can fight against Israel, but they lost the war and Israel won. The Palestinian who left Palestine had no right to come back to their land.My ancestors came from a small hamlet called Bet-Iksa in Palestine its the north west of J erusalem the capital city. Bet-Iksa was one of the main centers in the Islamic war in Crusades time. The location of the village made it easier for the soldiers to keep their clothes (Supplement) and all of their demand in Bet-Iksa because of the location were in the middle of all of the cities My ancestors were living in Bet-Iksa more than 3000 years they all followed the same religion, tradition, and race till now, even though time has change. One of their traditions was that every Friday, they used to go to the Doom Of The Rock to pray and then go to the old Jerusalem to shop.The first time my grandparents Diaspora from their village was on 1948. When the big war started between Israel and Palestinian. When Israel state becomes a country, my family were forced and expelled to leave their village and eject them in a refuge camp. Palestinians refer to the creation of the state of Israel in 1948 as al-Nakba, the catastrophe. Hundred of thousands of Palestinians were displaced a s result of the creation of the Jewish state, the ensuring war between the Arabs and Israelis, and an Israeli policy of expulsion (Ensalaco, 2008, Pg.9) They lived in an arrangement area for a year, till they settle down and start building small houses for them to become self-sufficient again they had no water, no nutrient, and no electricity. And they were forced again to leave the camp and go to another one. Israel has done that, to make Palestinian move from Palestine and immigrate to somewhere else like Jordan and Lebanon. But some(prenominal) of them did not do what Israel want and stayed in Palestine and that is what my grandparents did In 1960 my father was born in expat camp.In 1967 another war remain on the land of Palestine (West bank and Gaza) my family including my father and other refugees were expelled and displaced again to Jordan, they became refugee for the second time and immigrant for the first time in Jordan. Jordan is located in the heart of the Middle East, nor-west of Saudi Arabia, south of Syria, Southwest of Iraq, and east of Palestine. After two years living in Jordan, another war occurred in Jordan between Jordanian and Palestinian In September 1970 a month that came to be known as Black September, terrorists belonging to the Popular Front of Liberation of Palestine (PELP) The incident dragged for two weeks. Then, in a spectacle to draw the worlds attention to the plight of the Palestinian people (Ensalago, 2008,Pg.1) the savvy of the war is because the Palestinian were more than Jordanian people and they wanted to control everything in Jordan since they are more, so the war came between the Palestinian commando and Jordan army. When the war started my father was ten years old. e. After the war peace came from the two sides. Jordanian and Palestinian became together. Many people did not welcome the Palestinian and at that place were a lot of racism and discrimination against them and till nowadays, Palestinian found a way to g et along with them and both share their heathenish and tradition with each other, both Jordanian and Palestinian address Arabic, follow the same religions either Islam or Christianity. Jordan was the host society for the Palestinian, they accepted them, they gave the Palestinian passport, land, houses, and they were allowed to work in Jordan and equal as a Jordanian person.In 2006, my family and I moved to Canada it was a totally distinct experience for us. None of my family member spoke English expects my father, although he knew the language but he has a tough British accent, so no one understood him or us. We have been in Canada for eighter from Decatur years and till now my siblings and I are trying to learn the language. At first we had cultural shock and we were homesick, but year-by-year these have been decreasing and now we are accepting cultural and their life. There are many differences between the two countries the cultural difference between Jordan/Palestine and Canad a are seen in their holiday, food and custom. For instance the holidays in Jordan/Palestine its according to the local sightings of various phase of the moon, we usually fast during the day and feast at night according to the sun, after the month of the fasting, it is the day of our holiday is called Eid Al Fitr its for three days, family members visit each other and men give money to their wife, sisters and close relative. But in Canada broadly speaking celebrate Christmass the birth of Jesus Christ, they usually decorate the house and yards with light and the put up the Christmass trees and it usually held by December 25th.Since 1946 to 2010 Israel have been taking over Palestine, every decade Jews and Zionist are increasing and the number of Palestinian are decreasing, as statistic show by the end of the war Israel had occupied 78 percent of Palestine. During the Six-Day War, Israel occupied the final 22 percent of Palestine that had been avoid in 1948. My family history and Di aspora could refer to Phase number one Victim of DiasporaPhasewhat phase of DiasparaWhy did I chose this topic

Malaysian Market For Sago Palm

Malaysian Market For Sago PalmIn this chapter, we provide address the stress of Malaysia market for sago. The discussion of the market harps of production, consumption, export and expense. To infrastand about sago, we will eldest briefly discuss on sago palm, sago stiffen and sago treat.1.1 Sago PalmSago palm or Metroxylon sagu is a crop that produces stiffen for victuals and non- aliment affect industries. Sago palm is widely cultivated in Sarawak with more than 60,000 hect are of eye socket recently. Commercial polish field of force for sago palm was increase from 43 hectare in 1988 to 10,700 hectare in 1996 and the remaining was cultivated by smallholders. In social class 2000, there are 21 sago affect jells which produced around 60,000 atomic be 109 of sago amylum. In west Malaysia, sago palm civilisation is withal small with however 2 sago processing plant operated in Johor.1.2 Sago stiffenMost of sago stiffen that been produced in Sarawak is used in we st Malaysia (almost 30,000 thyroxin). Sago overly been exported as high quality food for thought topical anestheticise amylum and low quality assiduity govern starch. exporting for food step starch was change magnitude from 3,600 tonne in 1985 to 11,000 tonne in 1995 while export for indus quiz grade starch was fall from 8,400 tonne in 1985 to 5,100 tonne in 1995. The major destinations for sago starch export are Japan, Singapore, United Kingdom, Taiwan, Canada, southwestern Korea, bran-new Zea field and Thailand.1.3 Sago touchSago PalmSago palm took 10 to 15 days to be matured. When sago palm is matured, it will be felt passel so that its physical anatomical structure can be cut. Sago palm has a spacious remains, upright, r from each unrivalledes a height of 10-12 meters, with the contents of the soft and contain high starch content. It is a staple food source for indigenous people in Sabah and Sarawak, including ethnic Bisaya, and Melanau.Sago LogSago trunk is cut into section with each section is 75 cm to 90 cm long. This section is known as sago log. Every sago trunk ease up around 10 to 12 sago log. Then, these sago logs will be tied together in the multifariousness of rafts and tugged by boats to sago processing plant through river. Sometimes, these sago logs are carried by lorry to sago processing plant.Processing Sago StarchProcessing of sago starch is through in the sago processing plant. In the sago extraction process, the sago logs are first debarked, followed by maceration utilise a rasper. Newer types of raspers crap eliminated the need for debarking. The sago chips resulting from the maceration process are and then further disintegrated exploitation a hammer mill. The starch slurry is then passed through a series of outward-moving sieves to remove the coarse fibres. Cyclone separators are then used to extract the starch which is then dried using a rotary vacuum drum drier, followed by hot air drying.1.4 Malaysia Mark et for Sago first department of Agriculture, Sarawak. unpolished Statistics of SarawakFrom table 1.4, we can fulfil how the instruction and the status of sago industries in Malaysia were. The number framing shows repulsion in the export of sago starch forevery single year. Thus, it is influenced by the current economic climate.We can see that the figure of the add up export of sago starch are not really consistence compared to its price which is leaving high all the appearance breaking from the year of 1993 until it reaches its highest price in the year 1998. The year after, the figure shows that the price is going down. Even though, the full(a)ity of production was increase in 2002 and 2003. The lowest price ever was in year 1993 where it was only around RM584 per tonne for industry grade starch and RM596 per tonne for food grade starch. The highest price was RM915 per tonne for industry grade starch and RM 897 food grade starch in the year 1998 a year after the economi c erosion occurs.From the view of total export step and production, Malaysia produced the highest quantity of sago starch back in the year 1995 where it reaches its highest possible production with exported quantity up to 45,130.96 tonne for food grade starch and 4,816.43 tonne for industry grade starch. The lowest total production was in the year 1997 where only 27,285.50 tonne of food grade starch and 5,121.83 tonne of industry grade starch were exported the same year when the economic erosion occurs.If referred to the net export revalue, the biggest amount is during the sago price recorded its highest price which is in year 1998. The amount is RM5, 638,142. Meanwhile, the lowest export value was in year 1993 with the net total of export value is RM2, 314,787.CHAPTER 2 CURRENT POLICIES DESCRIPTION2.0 IntroductionThis chapter will discuss the agricultural policies relevant to sago providing an accurate, clear understanding of the policies affecting the market for sago and its pro duct. There are 4 policies that relevant to sago consist of policies by the Malaysia governing (federal) and Sarawak government (state).2.1 Sarawak Policy on Sago orchard (Before NAP3)The Sarawak government is trying to pioneer the refinement of sago on a plantation scale, trying to tap 20th century agricultural technology and big organisational structure to grow this supposedly wonder crop. The aim of sago plantations is the application of modern, scientific agricultural technology and a big unveilingal organisation, to exploit the cultivation of sago that has thus far been cultivated in a very naif and semi-wild fashion.This is the first attempt at growing sago on a plantation scale anywhere in the universe of discourse. Since the clone material and plantation technology for sago palm conduct not been established by surreptitious entrepreneurs, Sarawak government had wear outed the policies to cultivate sago palm on a plantation scale. With proper drainage, maintenance a nd fertiliser in plantation, sago palm will mature faster. This will increase the productivity of sago palm which return starch to the topical anaesthetic and international market.2.2 Third National Agricultural Policy (NAP3) on Sago (1998-2010)In NAP3, sago is fallen under the group of innovative product and future industries. The form _or_ system of government objective for this group isTo break up innovative products and new industries which will provide source for the information of land in the futureThe strategies for this insurance areTo modify the economy baseTo generate and encourage private sector participationTo reduce cost and increased productivity, commercial sago cultivation in large scale by private sector has been promote. This has been done completely by private sector and in collaboration with government subsidiaries. Infrastructures and basic facilities have been provided by the government to support the production of sago by private sector. Furthermore, cultivation with high quality seeds and better agronomy practices has been done to increase the productivity of sago smallholders.Sago cultivation has been encouraged on peat soil area in Sarawak due to the adequate of this crop with peat soil. This is the best way to use peat soil area in natured way. Production of value-added sago based products have been implemented to wider the market opportunities. The products include modified sago starch, sorbitol, dextrin and ascorbic acid. look into and development on both upstream and downriver activities for sago has been strengthen. The activities includeBreeding high quality crops materialFarm managementProcessing technologyNew products developmentUsage of side products including wasted materials and sago scrapsSago smallholders have been encouraged to wider their nurture through institution support. Research and market encouragement for sago starch and another(prenominal) sago products have been stressed due to strengthen the br ea social function market and venture the new market. Sago processing plants have been encouraged to practice quality watch management. investment and strategic raw material gain for upstream industry has been encouraged. This is to sustain the supply of sago in the industry. To control the wasted materials and sago scraps, pollution control management has been implemented.2.3 Sarawak Policy on Sago (Based on NAP3)Sarawak Policy on Sago has been formulated, think and developed from NAP3 by Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak (MoMA). The policy is for sago starch-based product industry as a electric potential industry and sago as a crop industry.For sago starch-based product industry as a potential industry, the policy objective isTo explore new frontier industry which might have substantial return to the local producers and the economyThe strategies for this policy areTo encourage private sector participationTo intensify research and development on sago starch prod uct developmentFor sago as a crop industry, the policy objective isTo develop and expand sago industry and exploit the opportunities of market of sago and sago starch-based productsThe strategies for this policy areTo assist smallholder in planting sago using mini estate approachTo encourage private sector participation in planting and processing of sago2.4 Ninth Malaysia Plan Policy on SagoUnder the Ninth Malaysia Plan, sago is one of the crops that included in land consolidation and rehabilitation. Land consolidation and rehabilitation will be continued on a big scale to accelerate the modernisation of smallholdings as well as increase productivity of the crops.CHAPTER 3 physical objectObjectiveTo determine Sago cultivation area in SarawakTo determine policy implication on Sago industry in SarawakTo determine the changes of policy in Sago industryCHAPTER 4 POLICY ANALYSIS4.0 IntroductionIn this chapter, we will consider the effects of policy that have been discussed in the prev ious chapter. The policy that we will analyze here is the Sarawak Policy on Sago based on NAP3.4.1 Effects on Sago finishing Area harmonise to Chew, Abu Hassan Isa and Mohd. Ghazali Mohayidin (1999), the aim of sago plantations is the application of modern, scientific agricultural technology and a large-scale institutional organisation, to exploit the cultivation of sago that has thus far been cultivated in a very primitive and semi-wild fashion. With commercial planting on large scale have been encouraged through the policies, the sago cultivation area was increased. The estimated area for sago cultivation in 1998 is 45,000 ha and it increased to 60,700 ha in 2000 (Third National Agricultural Policy, 1998)Since year 2000, the estimated area for sago cultivation in Sarawak is over 60,000 ha and slowly increased from year to year. The increment of sago cultivation area in Sarawak from year 2000 to 2004 is shown as below (Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005). year2 0002001200220032004Hectares (ha)60,70961,52362,14163,05362,308% compared to other crops7.87.67.37.16.7Table 4.1 Estimated Area for Sago CultivationSource Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005Even though the area for sago cultivation is increased in term of hectares, precisely in term of percentage compared to other crops, sago cultivation is decreased. The policies might be effective to increase the area of sago cultivation, but the increment is rather too slow compared to other crops especially oil palm.Figure 4.1.1 Sago Cultivation Area in SarawakSource Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005Figure 4.1.2 Percentage of Sago Cultivation Area Compared to some other Crops in SarawakSource Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 20054.2 Effects on Sago Starch Export and Starch consequenceThe highest sago starch export was in 1998 with 46,518.43 tonne of sago starch was exported and the value of it was RM41, 855,722 with price per tonne is R M897 for food grade starch and RM915 for industry grade starch (Craun Research Sdn Bhd, 2004). After 1998, the sago starch export decreased making the worst export value was in year 2000 with only 36,382.78 tonne was exported and the value of it was RM29,782,916 with price per tonne is RM830 for food grade starch and RM766 for industry grade starch. This might be derived from the price drop of starch in world market.The effects of the policies were only been seen after year 2000 where the export value of sago starch increased every year starting from year 2001 to 2004. Only in year 2003, the export value was decreased by RM55,000. The export value of sago starch from year 1998 to 2004 is shown as below (Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005).Year1998199920002001200220032004Export Value(RM000)42,18236,45029,78330,68032,16532,11037,020Table 4.2.1 The Export Value of Sago StarchSOURCE Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005 bit exporting sago starch, Mal aysia still has to merchandise other starch due to local consumption. In year 1997, estimated total production of sago starch in Malaysia is 60,000 tonne with almost 30,000 was used for local consumption (Third National Agricultural Policy, 1998). In 1998, the import value of starch was RM552,000 made it was the highest import value for starch.With local demand for starch is good for food and non-food industries, the policies were able to support the supply of starch in local market. It helps to reduce the import value of starch in 1999 to RM55,000. From this year, the import value of starch per year was going up and down where in year 2000 there is no starch was imported. The import value of starch from year 1998 to 2004 is shown as below (Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005).Year1998199920002001200220032004Import Value(RM000)552551340457157Table 4.2.2 The Import Value of StarchSource Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005Figure 3.2 Export Value of Sago Starch and Import Value of Starch from 1998 to 20044.3 Effect on Sago Research Involvement accord to Chew, Abu Hassan Isa and Mohd. Ghazali Mohayidin (1999), there was no private group and only two government centres persisting out research on sago in Malaysia. Researches on sago are of import to avoid the extinction of sago industry in Malaysia.When the policies were implemented, Land handcuffs and Development Authority of Sarawak (PELITA) have formed Craun Research Sdn Bhd to carry out research and development on sago. Craun Research Sdn Bhd was once lead by former Sarawak MARDI Director, Mr. Yusup Bin Sobeng.The policies also encouraged local universities to carry out research on sago. With UPM already carry out researches on sago before the policies UNIMAS have coupled them to do more researches on sago. Recently on 4 August 2006, UNIMAS signed an MOU with New deoxycytidine monophosphate Fermentation Research Co. Ltd. (NECFER) of Fukoka to enable both institutions t o cooperate and collaborate in the establishment of the fermentation parameters and structural set-up in a joint research and development endeavour on sago starch fermentation for large-scale production of ethanol and lactic acid.4.4 Effects on Private Sector Involvement in Sago PlantationPresently, sago is great(p) in Sarawak as a smallholders crop (Chew, Abu Hassan Isa and Mohd. Ghazali Mohayidin, 1999). When Land Custody and Development Authority of Sarawak (PELITA) started the development of two sago plantations Dalat Sago Plantation and Mukah Sago Plantation, several private companies in Sarawak got the initiative to involve in sago industry. With the policy encouraged private sector participation in planting and processing of sago, the numbers of private companies involve in sago plantation and processing had increase.Now, private companies which involve in sago industry have their own association for the benefits of members in the industry. Sarawak Sago Manufacturers Associ ation is the well known sago companies association in Sarawak. It is joined by inheritable Seng Ngeng Sons Sago Industries Sdn BhdNitsei Sago Industries Sdn BhdSong Ngeng Sago Industries (EM) Sdn BhdC. L. Nee Sago Industries Sdn BhdGrand Safeways (S) Sdn BhdIgan Sago Industries Sdn Bhd4.5 Effects on Traditional Sago Starch ProductionBefore the policy was introduced, there were 11 modern sago processing plants in Sarawak which had fixed assets and equipment valued around RM2-RM5 one thousand thousand (Chew, Abu Hassan Isa and Mohd. Ghazali Mohayidin, 1999). The policy helps to increase this number to 21 modern sago processing plant in year 2000. The increasing number of modern sago processing plant had slowly replaced the production of traditional sago starch called lemantak with high quality, dry sago flour.4.6 Effects on Sago Starch Contribution in World Starch MarketIn the world market, sago starch has to compete with other starch such as maize starch, potato starch, manioc star ch and wheat starch. According to ISO skillful Committees (2005), the world starch output was estimated to be 48.5 million tons in year 2000. Below is the total export value (in USD) for starches in world market based on type of starches between years 2000 to 2002 (ISO Technical Committees, 2005).200020012002Wheat Starch79,299,18866,494,94571,158,617Maize Starch247,354,215254,598,496250,744,561Potato Starch186,513,628192,451,543189,591,770Cassava Starch155,221,419146,818,27027,307,528 other Starch44,592,79242,295,98342,245,903Table 3.6 Export Value (USD) for Starches in World MarketSource ISO Technical Committees, 2005 another(prenominal) starch in table 3.6 refers to barley starch, rice starch, sago starch and waxy xaize starch. Though the export value of other starch is decreased from year 2000 to 2002, it was only 5% reduction compared to 82% reduction of cassava starch. However, the percentage or reduction for other starch including sago starch is higher than wheat starch, maiz e starch and potato starch.The policy to develop and expand sago industry in Malaysia helps to make Malaysia been acknowledged as one of the main exporter for starch in the world market. Malaysia also been acknowledged as the highest sago starch exporter in the world (ISO Technical Committees, 2005).CHAPTER 5 POLICY IMPLICATIONSThis chapter will discuss the positive and negative aspects of the policies analyzed in the previous chapter. The discussion demonstrates a close relationship between the analysis in the previous chapter and the implications drawn in this chapter about the positive and negative aspects of the policies analyzed.5.1 Positive AspectsFirst positive aspect, the policies embroil the sago cultivation to be increased. With 1.69 million hectares of peat soil in Sarawak, the policies had increased the sago cultivation area. This was due to the encouragement of private sector participation in sago plantation and the assistant of smallholder in planting sago using mini estate approach. Private sectors will not just focusing to oil palm plantation in term of the land usage in Sarawak. Even though sago is less profitable compared to oil palm, the policies which imply government support in sago cultivation helps to involve private sector in sago cultivation.Second positive aspect, the policies implicate the export and import of starch in Malaysia. With current consumption of starch in Malaysia is estimated around 100,000 tonne per year, the policies help to increase the supply of starch for local consumption. More than half of sago starch is been exported because of its high value as food grade starch and industry grade starch. This is more profitable than using it for local consumption. However, the usage of sago starch for local consumption still can support the local demand where the import value of starch in Malaysia is far too small (below RM80,000 from year 2001) compared to the export value of sago starch.Third positive aspect, the policies im plicate the sago researches troth in Malaysia. The policies help to increase the number of government subsidiaries and private group involvement in sago researches and development. The researches for the most part focus on increasing its starch yield, reducing the gestation period of sago and reducing the cost of sago production. quaternate positive aspect, the policies implicate the income of sago smallholders. With most of sago palm is cultivated by smallholders, the policies help to increase their income. Most of sago farmers are having income from non-sago agricultural activities or from off-farm employment. This is because sago palm has the gestation period of 10 to 15 years which considered as too long to generate income. The policies are focusing on economic strategies in planting sago at farm level where the farmers can maximize the profit in sago cultivation.Fifth positive aspect, the policies implicate the collaboration between federal government and state government. Wi th agriculture as the third instrument to generate Malaysias economy, the policies play an important role in developing the abundant crop such as sago. The federal government creates policies to develop sago cultivation for the state government. Then the state government will innovatively formulate, plan and develop the policies to be implemented. The policies consist of budget and land for sago cultivation.Finally, the policies ensured sago not to be abundant and will be developed to support the agriculture industry as well as other industries in Malaysia.5.2 Negative AspectsFirst negative aspect, the policies implicate the manipulation of private companies in sago industry. Most of private companies that involve in planting and processing sago have their own association to protect their importance in the industry. They might control the price of sago section (sago trunk which is cut to yield its starch) and the fee for transportation to factories. When this happened, the sago smal lholders might gain small profit or flush worst they gain loss.Second negative aspect, the policies implicate the traditional value of sago processing. With the number of modern sago processing plant is increased, the traditional, small-scale cottage mills which produce a type of inferior wet sago called lementak for the local markets are slowly being wiped out. The Melanau community especially will slowly lose their traditional way in processing sago.Finally, the policies are considered not very effective in developing sago industry. This can be seen in the small increment of sago cultivation area for the past 5 years compare to other crop in Malaysia.CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONSEven though, sago is considered by many plant scientists, especially Japanese scientists, as the starch crop of the 21st century (Jong, 1995), the present method of cultivation of sago palm shows that it is currently grown using very primitive agricultural technology. Sago is at present grown essentially as a sma llholder crop, producing low yields with minimal maintenance and zero fertilization. Current methods of cultivation in Sarawak is not that much diametric from what had occurred through the millennium and what is occurring now in the virgin, unexplored jungles of Papua New Guinea.The policy was implemented and sago industry also given impotency in Sarawak region. The cultivation area was showing increment and the yield as well, at the same time Malaysia market and world market for sago also increase. We found every policy try their level best to develop the sago industry from cultivation up to market it. Now they also start focus in research and development (RD), which will improve the sago industry.The sago plant lot of RD, to improve the plant and make it more economically profit. In sago industry there need two important thing need to improve. Make sure the plant produce high starch or high yield and decrease the gestation period that is from 10 to 15 years to 5years. The yield c an be modify by good plant materiel and good plant demeanor as well. This can only be achieved by a prolonged, sustained research program in plant selection and breeding work. The spectacular improvements in the yield of oil palm and its maturity period in Malaysia were achieved by a similar long-term research program, undertaken by a wide variety of governmental and private groups, set-back in the 1900s (Hartley, 1967).Unfortunately, there are currently no private groups carrying out research on sago in Malaysia. In fact, there are now only two government centers, the Dalat Sago Research Station and CRAUN (Crop Research and Application Unit, Lembaga Pembangunan dan Lindungan Tanah, Sarawak or PELITA), carrying out research on sago cultivation. The amount of research resource devoted to sago is distinctly inadequate for the monumental task of converting sago from its present semi-wild status to a modern clone with high yields, scant(p) maturity periods and responsiveness to fer tilizers. The proper management and good care to sago will improve Sarawak Sago industry and the policy will make the sago as golden crop of Sarawak.