Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating Educational Essays Papers

Plagiarism and the meshwork In the days before computers interrogation had to be done solely in books, articles, or on in-person interviews. It was not so easy to attain an abundance of valuable reading so quickly. Now children be taught from early ages to utilize the computer and the Internet. search school topics on web browsers is common knowledge for todays youth. But with this breakthrough technology also comes consequences and rising disputes. Is the information that Internet-users are finding valid sources? What legal restrictions does one have in exploitation those sources? Are the sources themselves legal? Students cutting material from a variety of unlike sites and pasting them into a word document as if it were their own work has incur a common practice among high school and college students. According to the table salt Lake Tribune, seventy-five percent of students admit to committing academic dishonesty, however unless twenty-fiv e percent of students from the same populous consider cutting and pasting to be the only serious form of cheating (Southard 2). A national fall over conducted by Education Week estimated that fifty-four percent of students admitted to plagiarizing information from the Internet (Plagiarism.org 1). At the University of California-Berkley officials have stated that there was an averaged seven hundred and xliv percent increase in cheating between the years of 1993 to 1997 (Plagiarism Statistics Did You acknowledge??? 1). Perhaps one of the reasons for this drastic increase of cheating is the easiness in which one can find the documents that they plagiarize. Popular websites such as www.schoolsucks.com and www.a1-termpapers.com abide immoral and slacking students with hundreds of prefabricated essays (Plagiarism, Ethics & the WWW 2), equipped with word front and grade received. Another possible reason for the increase in plagiaristic schoolwork is the nation growing decline in ethics. The Callup Organization in 2000 published a list of the top problems facing the United States. The be one problem was education, followed by decreasing ethics. These two rankings perhaps assist in the creation of some of the other listed problems below, such as poverty, drugs, crime, and racial discrimination (Plagiarism.

SNC Lavalin Reaction Paper

The investigation found ranking(prenominal) adjust executives guilty of breaching the firms code of ethics and charged them with bribery, money laundering and guile amounting to over $56 million. More specifically, Mr.. Pierre Daytime, Zincs president, and Mr.. Riyadh Ben Sass, a designer executive vice president, were accused of secretly funneling federation money to Labias Gadding family in order to secure projects in Libya and subsequently strengthen Zincs presence in North Africa. Ethical Model The primary ethical question that is to be addressed is Is it acceptable forCanadian companies to engage in facilitation payments to gain business in developing nations? The active agents are Zincs senior guidance, who k straightwayingly divisionicipated in instant acts of bribery and fraud, as well as the Libyan facilitation agents. I go forth analyze SYNC Lapins actions using the utilitarianism model. The theory of Utilitarianism states that people should act in a manner that m aximizes the center, corporal utility of their actions. Zincs senior management would surround that they had to maximize shareholder value in order to maximize the total collective utility. Sing this OIC, the senior management felt it was important that they sourced pull in in all possible regions, in order to beef up their portfolio of projects. The senior management then expected this to directly translate into meliorate profits and higher share prices that would make shareholders and the board of directors happy. However, the senior management was also aware that certain nations, such as Libya, demanded facilitation payments for awarding projects in their countries. The management also knew that these payments were considered to be bribes and that they are deemed sinful in Scandal.While these measures resulted in an 87% appreciation in share price in the concise run, (share price grew from $31. 92/share in April 2009 to $59. 8/share in January 201 1) Zincs stock then proce eded to nose dive to a low of $35 once news of the bribery broke out 1. This dramatic give-up the ghost in share price was almost completely attributable to the ostracise emotion towards and dismissal Of reputation suffered by SYNC Laving as a direct result of their decision to engage in bribery. These executives did non describe for the significance of upholding their firms reputation before providing facilitation payments.Moreover, as a result of their dishonest behavior, SYNC is now also prohibited from undertaking projects funded by the piece Bank for 10 years Consequently, contrary to senior managements intentions, SYNC suffered a reduction in share price combined with a loss in reputation. The above facts prove that Zincs management did not maximize the collective utility of their shareholders but rather proceeded to ruin their reputation by fiberaking in actions of bribery. The above analysis clearly shows that SYNC failed to do good by its shareholders by engaging in facilitation payments.It is also important to consider and rate Syncs alternatives to bribery in this case. Bribes tend to have different definitions depending on the part of the world you are dealing with. While these bribes (aka facilitation payments) are considered a part of doing business in developing nations, such as Libya, they are illegal in Canada. An interesting perspective was raised in family unit fend for Zincs actions. What if Syncs facilitation payments were beingness used to build canonic infrastructure and provide basic amenities such as schools and hospitals in the developing nation?This now raises the question as to whether facilitation payments are acceptable based on the activities being funded by these bribes. A number of valuable points were raised in class both defending and abhorring SYNC Lapins actions. I am of the perspective that companies must always adhere to the stricter of their country or the country where they are doing business rules as a gu ide for making ethical decisions. Consequently, I believe that firms should not elect to work in regions where they are forced to bribe local anaesthetic officials to gain projects.Moreover, having irked as a project engineer at a competing engineering and construction firm, know that my company refused to do business in countries, such as Libya, where bribery was a requirement to gain projects. Our senior management and C-level executives were sticklers for winning and executing projects based on a clean and competitive bidding process that ensured the best candidate was awarded the contract.. While this feeler to decision making might cause companies to lose out on certain projects, It will ensure that the firms reputation is never tarnished.In the long run, company reputation, while being a soft measure, is one of the key factors in ensuring sustainability. Many world renowned companies have refused to pay bribes in alien countries and have still managed to attain burgeoning profits while wield a sterling reputation. For example, Shell refused to pay Venezuelan officials $35 million to maintain their license over a nickel mine It is interesting to invoice that Shell still owns and operates this mine in Venezuela and have never been imperil with any such facilitation payments since.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS FROM AN EDUCATIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE

The followers is a cypher analysis of the responses to the two divers(prenominal) questionnaires. The full questionnaires and replies are summarized in tabular arraies in the addendum ( delight see appendix E and appendix F ) .The response invests to both(prenominal) questionnaires were comparatively good. From the parents, 6 let let expose of 15 returned a completed questionnaire, giving a response rate of 40 % . From the instructors, healers and early(a) initiate lag 13 out of 23 returned a completed questionnaire, giving a response rate of 56 %Background of parents and pincers any 6 respondents to the parents questionnaire were the several young-bearing(prenominal) parents of the churls with autism no male parents, carers or other relations responded straight. The ages of their kids ranged amongst 9.2 and 10.7 doddery ages ( average = 9.9 ) and alone chuck out for one had merely one kid with particular demands. This peculiar female person parent reported to h archaic another(prenominal) boy ( aged 13 old ages ) with autism and to boot terrible larning troubles every bit good as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Dis indian lodge ( ADHD ) .The parents heard virtually the aim with an ABA programme from different beginnings. Two of them were referred by friends two found out about it on the World Wide Web, one was referred by a physician and one by a charity called PEACH ( Parents for the proto(prenominal) intercession of autism in kids ) . The motives of the parents to direct their kid to the discipline were to a fault different for four parents it was peculiarly beca manipulation of the train-based ABA programme one of these four even followed an ABA-program at place before while another one valued to give-and-take to an Applied doings analysis-based intercession as she did nt stupefy that her autistic kid was doing any noticeable advancement at the Local Education warrant ( LEA ) work. Another parent had problem acquiring sup port for the envy home-based ABA externalize from her local council and so opted for a schoolhouse-based attack ( which the local council hold to fund ) , while the last respondent simply indicated that the school was what she wanted .The continuance of those 6 kids at school ranged from merely half a twelvemonth to over 5 old ages, giving an norm of 3.5 old ages and a median of 3.8 old ages.Teachers experience with and positions of ABAThe 13 teachers/school stave who participated in the questionnaire had really different compass points of experience. Experience levels measured in old ages ranged from merely under 1 twelvemonth to 11 old ages with a median of 3 old ages demoing a really broad spread of the consequences. The mean experience of instructors was 4.3 old ages. 12 out of the 13 school staff were existent instructors, 1 indicated to be other school staff .Asked about the restrictions and infers of Applied demeanour Analysis, instructors replied that ABA migh t non be suited to all kids with autism and that the oral sex hazard is that kids can go prompt dependent or dependant on one-on-one support, which may curtail their societal accomplishments culture in the hereafter. Teachers anyways noted that Applied Behaviour Analysis is a really stiff and intensive manner of learning which can be difficult to follow, seting a batch of ferocity on the planetary houses, and if non applied mighty it could be damaging to a kid s advancement. Other instructors / healers besides mentioned the wish of secondary proviso after the kid leaves the peculiar school ( which is primary merely ) and that the intend is really expensive. Unfortunately, merely 11 of the 13 instructors replied to this inquiry.Parents science of, experience and engagement with ABAFrom the six parents reacting the questionnaire, 5 described their cognition as really good , while one felt that she had whatever cognition . Besides, 5 out of 6 had most old experience w ith Applied Behaviour Analysis rules, either through a home-based plan or another ABA-lead school. One parent besides applied different, more specialised signifiers of ABA before, such as spring led Applied Behaviour Analysis attack, independent Verbal Behaviour ( VB ) programme and Lovaas.Interestingly, the instructors responses to the inquiry hum parents cognition and experience is really different instructors find that the cognition degree of parents varies a batch and on the border, parents have far excessively subtle apprehension of the ABA-approach. They see a direct relationship between the degree of involvement a parent shows to his or her degree of cognition and emphasis that the school is already offering a batch of information to parents in order to maintain them up to day of the month about their autistic kid s behaviour programme. Teachers count that the engagement of parents in their kid s Applied Behaviour Analysis plan is really of import. The chief benefits in the eyes of the school staff are consistence and persistency in the manner the kid is worked with, particularly in the initial phases of the ABA-program execution. However, instructors kick back that most parents are non involved plenty in their kid s ABA plan. Most suspect that the grounds for this are merely a wish of clip, involvement, cognition and in some instances besides their bad commandment of English. whatever besides say that parents merely necessitate overmuch more support.All of the parents have seen betterments in their autistic kid s bearing since hobby the Applied Behaviour Analysis programme at school. Most parents saying betterments in the communicating of their kid, some to boot celebrated betterments in accomplishments, behavior and assurance. No troubles have been reported except for nail-biting in 2 out of the 6 instances.Use of ABA at placeTeachers believe that utilizing Applied Behaviour Analysis outside of school ( e.g. at place ) has a figure of advantages for a kid with autism. Chiefly it reinforces what the kid has earned at school and more significantly it provides consistence to the kid, allows him to generalise behaviors and potentially larn more behaviors and accomplishments. One instructor thought that it is non possible to generalise the advantages for all kids, another one idea that its good to follow ABA rules when covering with behaviors of the kid, but non multipurpose to utilize in all state of affairss at place.However, the 11 out of 13 instructors besides identified a figure of hazards with utilizing ABA outside school 2 of the instructors thought there were no hazards at all. The chief hazard identified was that parents would necessitate to be decently trained in order to use ABA right and systematically with the manner it is done at school. Otherwise, kids could simulate confused, possibly unlearn some of the good behavior and accomplishments that they have acquired at school and perchance even acquir e frustrated. Teachers besides mentioned that kids could go motiveless prompt-dependant , that Applied Behaviour Analysis is non a natural manner to set up or handle kids and if applied throughout would make an unrealistically integrated universe for the kid with autism. One instructor besides mentioned that utilizing ABA both intimate and outside school could be excessively much for kids, as the plan is really intensive.Of the six parents take parting in the questionnaire, 5 currently use ABA rules at place. However the strength varies a batch between the households. One female parent indicated she used it 80 % of the clip, two moths use it in the eventides or on Saturday forenoon, one mainly for lavatory set and the 5th female parent gave no clear indicant of how much she used it but said that she would utilize it to generalise what is taught at school . Asked about whether they would see utilizing ABA more at place, parents sentiments seem to be separate three replied that they would non utilize it more, or merely if a new baffling behaviour would emerge, while two said that they would wish to utilize it more, e.g. during school vacations. One of these two said that she would necessitate more support and preparation. The sixth female parent gave no response at all to this inquiry.Teachers and healers believe that the chief grounds why parents do non utilize Applied Behaviour Analysis at place are linked to a deficiency of the necessary clip and cognition. Some instructors besides believe that other household committednesss, e.g. other kids and spouse, and a deficiency of support play a position in it. One instructor suspects that some parents may differ with ABA and that there might non be adequate communicating and trust between the parents and the school.Asked about how parents could be encouraged to utilize ABA more at place, instructors believe that both preparation and place visits would be most of import. Two instructors besides signify t hat a better communicating between the school and the parents would assist, while some suggest that parents should see the school more frequently and, for illustration, attend workshops or merely detect their kid in schoolroom. One instructor besides believes that more support is needed to acquire parents more involved in Applied Behaviour Analysis programmes at place.Finally, parents were asked about any other intercession techniques they used to handle their autistic kids. Two of them answered that they were utilizing the Relationship tuition Intervention ( RDI ) , one tried the Son-Rise Programme and yet another female parent uses a gluten casein free and OT free diet. The two staying parents indicated that they were non utilizing any other intercessions.

Pre 1914 Prose Study Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein” Essay

 He nearly succeeds in catching it at the northbound Pole where Captain Walton rescues him. Exhausted he die and Frankensteins daemon vows to kill himself before disappearing into the distance and darkness. Chapter five begins with professional Frankenstein revulsion of the monster he has created and Shelley describes the creatures vile features that clamor terror into the reader alone. In revolt Victor leaves the room at the very disgust of what he was brought into this world and attempts to gain his precious asylum of sleep.While he sleeps he breathing ins of hitching Elizabeth his one love, muchover as he plants his first kiss on her lips her features change and he appears to eventually hold the dead corpse of his dead mother. He wakes up to find the monster by his bedside peering at him and in anguish runs discover of his rented apartment and through the town with paranoid strides tendinging he will see the monster at every turn. He finds refuge in the court of law while lost in his daydreams of the monstrosity he has created, he notices his best friend Clerval and brings him to his accommodation before he has time to think properly.When he reaches his apartment he Is overjoyed that the monster is no longer in the vicinity and welcomes Clerval into his rented home. Dr Frankensteins content emotions are quickly destroyed as he imagines seeing the monster lurching for him and breaks down to a fit. Clerval worries for his friends health and nurses him choke to health after witnessing Victors displace emotions. Shelley was part of the romantic novelist of the earlier nineteenth century, who like Shelley used Gothic elements to add provoke terror in a reader.Descriptions such(prenominal) as Corpse of my dead mother in my arms and Shrivelled complexions all are examples of gothic elements, though the more mysterious and alluding comments such as I saw the dull spirit of the creature give the impression this creature isnt alive and that it i s an breathtaking object been brought to sprightliness through personification elaborated descriptions full of un customary adverbs. Shelley was a naturally beautiful writer who could conjure sentences as if they flowed from a river of her k right offledge.She uses great amounts of writing styles inspired probably from the intellectuals she grew up around. There is a great contrast in sentence length with short lines such as How ill you are and sentences that contain over fifty wrangling for instance I took refuge in the courtyard belonging to the which I inhabited where I remained during the rest of the night, walking up and down in the greatest agitation, listening attentively, catching and fearing each sound as if it were to betoken the approach the demonical corpse to which I had so miserably given life.Repetition is overly a trait of Shelleys writing style Save me, save me and Dear, dear friends are both examples of repetition. The use of her adjectives specify her close use of gothic rudiments with dark and mystifying quarrel such as Dreary, Miserably and Hideous, just also her choice of colour reflect on her gothic style such as dull yellow. Another topic to indulge in is Shelleys use of contrast in a variety of elements. food colour is over again is used in contrast for gothic descriptions such as Lustrous Black and Pearly White a common metaphor.The unfeigned pace of the narrative is not an unexpected contrast to build tightness and fear, and is commonly used in all sorts of genres and mediums, like songs and television. This practice base be used to build some(prenominal) emotions from love to action merely works just as well if not the best with fear. She uses a contrast of dream and reality this could be because her passkey idea for the piece came to her in a dream. Yet, however it seems in either the sub cognisance or actual consciousness it is always a horrific period. last a contrast in emotions is very blatant such as joy, re vulsion and terror all blend together with Frankensteins original image of a beautiful creation to its consequential repulsiveness. This brings me to my final consign of Mary Shelleys use of fluctuating emotions to provoke the sense of fear in the reader. Frankenstein expects a beautiful creature to be born of his labour, yet is shocked when he unveils his creation for the first time How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe.Horror soon sets in at the monstrosity and closely failure of his dream sets in But now that I have I have finished the beauty of the dream of the dream has vanished and breathless horror and disgust fill my heart. This quickly turns to frightened I did not dare return to the apartment , again his emotions fluctuate to a paranoid loneliness Like one when on a lonely road, Doth walk in fear and finally a huge contrast for the previous emotions to happiness I felt absolutelycalm and serene joy. Shelley fluctuates Frankensteins emotions so rapidly is almost becomes difficult to follow them, yet perhaps this is the desired effect as the confusion only adds the horror you are reading. To conclude, Mary Shelley one of the greatest female novelist of her time if not history efficiently and captivatingly uses techniques, which are still used today in writing.They are not dependant to but she certainly chooses over others mainly are predominately gothic elements common of early 19th century romance authors. She also makes use of the fluctuating emotions, contrast and language as I have described in earlier paragraphs. Benjamin Semens Show lagger only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Prayers in Schools Essay

My name is Ericka Jaid Laurett heil. I restrain long brown hair and I bring in blue eyeb either and I am 56. My interests ar drawing, playing Xbox, babysitting, watching family guy, and sleeping. My expectations for myself argon to pass high school not failing any classes. I was close to failing my expectation because I failed math. But I took quotation recovery and got the credit I wish to be a paediatrician because I revere kids and inspection and repairing them and making them happy. Activities that I enjoy argon volleyb both, basketb completely and I used to play soccer but my knees and ankles be bad.My mammary glands name is Janda-lynn laurett heil, my dads name is turn Jack Heil, my older babes name is Devon Brooke Heil, and my younger sisters name is Emily Mable Clara Heil. I am the middle child of the family. My family grew up around Bobbi and Tom pitkanen. I called them auntie and uncle all the time. We used to go camping every socio-economic class at a little camp we unrestrainede on an island down the Dryden highway. I actually thought that we were tie in but recently I found out they are scarcely a close family star. Also, my best friends grandm some other lives beside me and I talk to her about everything Sometimes I just go thither and talk to her, and sometimes she comes by my house and chats for a bit. My best friends grandmother knows more about me than my mother.Well I suck a very strong relationship with my dads mom. My moms mom left and turned against my family because of something personal that happened in the past. My grandma heil has always been there for my mom and me and my sisters and my dad and even our family friends She has great advice and is much(prenominal)(prenominal) a nice woman. A couple years ago she was on the phone with my uncle and she had a brain aneurism and collapsed while she was on the phone. She got shipped to Winnipeg and had procedure Everyone in my family was so upset. She is probably the on ly grandparent or person in my mom and dads side of the family that was actually there for our family and helped us through rough times. She is my bestfriend.My relationship with my sisters is okay at times. I deal my sisters but they both bother me. My little sister gets me so mad you dont even know. I beat her up all the time and when I say beat I actually tight beat. P I nates configurationa tap her with my shoulder and Im being dead honest she screams and runs to my mom or dad. Its deal shes scared of me or something. My older sister always waits process I leave the house and she steals all my clothes and says there hers. Shes lucky she has a child, I would never beat her up in front of her baby. She is my only sister that I actually trust and can tell stuff to. I was always there for her when she needed help when we were younger, so I trust her with a lot. They are important to me because they are family. If anyone were to hurt them I would honestly beat the person up. I have done that for my little sister already. I dont handle her friends and they know not to do that kind of stuff to my family.My family has helped me with my volleyball swordplay choice. They have paid for all my volleyball travels and my shirts and all that fun stuff. They were the ones that told me about the vipers volleyball team in account 8. I tried out and made both cuts so I was on the team We travelled to Kenora and to a town outside of Winnipeg. I was with a lot of my friends and it was so much fun. We competed in tournaments again kids nowhere near here. I have been told I am great at playing volleyball and that I should try out for the volleyball team. I wanted to but I never had the good grades and the perfect attention for that. They helped me to become the person I am today. To be strong and come up for what I believe. Thats why Im such a smart mouth. I get it from my daddy.Well before I came into high school my family and a close family friends family would go to a campsite thing that we made on an island down the Dryden highway. We would wedge there and camp for at least a week. Other and then that I dont really know any other things that my family does together. I dont socialize with my family and if I do its Devon or its because I want something. I dont really ever leave my bedroom unless I have to go to the washroom, Im hungry, I have to do the dishes, Im babysitting, or I leave the house.Well in my future family Im going to continue to go camping every year and I dont really know what else to do. I kind of keep to myself in my house so I dont really know what my family does that I could continue in my future family.That is all I have to say about my family and my life really. I love my family and my friends and I dont know what I would do without them.

The Truth About Evil in Myth

Brooke Harris 111542140 March fifteenth RE104 Evil and Symbols Essay The rectitude About Evil in falsehood Many questions agree been posed when it comes to the ever-controversial topic of hatred, and will continue to be posed throughout time. Although prominent in everyday life, the battle betwixt redeeming(prenominal) and perversive potentiometer also be seen in ii of the approximately famous creation myths the Christian myth of go game and eventide and the Garden of Eden, and the indispensable Creation Story of Turtle Island.In the tale of Adam and Eve, it is say that God banishes the couple for feeding from the forbidden Tree of Knowledge, going them to deal with hardships solely of their ragings1. In contrast, the Creation Story is one that tells almost the creation of land, with the mother giving birth to two doubles on the back of the turtle, each touch being a vision of d repulsivenessish and of good, creating the multi-faceted landscape of earth2.Althou gh in both of the myths in that respect be elements of repulsiveness, a hand-to-hand analysis of the symbolizations and underlying motives and reasoning can conclude that there was no malicious intent in either stories and that they be ultimately non evil moreover relatively good. Throughout Kushners article and re-telling of the Christian myth of Adam and Eve, he poses the question of whether God was carrying out an evil act in banishing Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. He argues that although there are foul acts being carried out, they are not with malicious intent, but with the intent to create a more fulfilling life for the couple3.Kushner continues, explaining that by eating the orchard apple tree from the Knowledge of Good and Evil tree, Adam and Eve have been elevated to a conscious nation helping to be aware(predicate) of their surroundings and themselves as humans and as a couple4. Kushner believes that this act was the bravest and most liberating events in t he history of the human race and continuing with saying that although their experiences were entire of pain and hardship, it was worth the pain5. Overall, their expulsion to the outside world and their experience with hardships is a way of teaching Adam and Eve to appreciate the good occasions.In all respects of native tradition and belief, inviolate balance is an ever-present theme, whether it is sacred balance in the forces and features of nature or in good and evil in day-to-day life, tying back to Kushners belief in a higher call forth of consciousness, as one can apprehend the difference between good and evil. This perception is also seen in doubting Thomas Kings telling of the native creation story charr Who Fell from the Sky, which deals with the creation of the features of Turtle Island (North America). In constructing Turtle Island, each twin designing the features is portrayed as a good twin and evil twin6.For instance as the right- reach and generally good twin is cr eating a vast, track downing river, the left-handed twin drops jagged rocks in it, forcing the river to only flow in one direction and making it more difficult for the animals to live in7. Like Adam and Eves situation, this can be seen as a blessing in disguise. Instead of having easily flowing piss throughout the river, it can be interpreted to believe that the left-handed twin wanted the water creatures to appreciate when they did have an easy swim by knowing what its like to go through the hardship of the unidirectional current river.Many symbols are utilise in the myths, which are linked to Kushners idea of a blessing in disguise, as the symbols are used in the myths as representations of evil but in actuality and in the conclusion, are essentially for good. Throughout the myth of Adam and Eve, an apple and tree are used as the main symbols of evil8 but with a closer examination can also be seen as liberating and good. The apple that Eve initially eats and gives to Adam to eat is used as the main symbol of evil. According to J.C Coopers book An Illustrated cyclopaedia of Traditional Symbols, apple can be seen as knowledge wisdom divination, solidify the idea that it is the ultimate ticket through the threshold to knowledge of consciousness, and the good and evil. The Tree of Knowledge (tree), when examined, is perceived as an axis mundi or the center of attention of the earth and life10. As the knowledge of good and evil a is the liberating objet dart in Adam and Eves life, bringing them to the ultimate state of consciousness, it is only appropriate that the centre of the world symbolize this idea.In Kings story of the woman who created Turtle Island, the features that the left-handed evil twin created are seen as the evil side of the world such as the mystifying forests and tall mountains7. According to Cooper, a forest is a place of test and initiation the secrets of nature which a man must penetrate to picture the meaning11, implying that a lthough it is trivial and can sometimes be difficult to maneuver, it can also teach the secrets of earth and the lessons it can provide.Lastly, as the right handed twin is building, vast, flat planes of land the left handed twin stomped most in the mud, piled it up, and created deep valleys and tall mountains7, creating rocky terrains that are seen as part of the evils of the myth as they create difficult to manage terrain. When looking at mountains, Coopers defines the mountaintops as the represent the state of full consciousness. 12. In contrast to Kushners perspective, the hardship of voyaging up the mountains to the top can be seen as a virtuous experience as one gains the state of full consciousness, as Adam and Eve did with the apple.In closing, through analysis of Kushners theory of good and evil and a heightened state of consciousness in both myths, a deduction can be made about the good and evil components of the myths. Although both myths contain evil aspects, there is n o malicious intent to classify them as inherently evil, as the evil devices were meant to bring a sense of appreciation for the things that are good. In taking Kushners theory and an analysis of the various symbols of the myths, it can be said that these tales are not evil. . Harold Kushner, How Good Do We Have To Be? A New Understanding of Guilt and Forgiveness (New York Little, Brown and Company, 1997), 26-27. 2. Thomas King, The Truth About Stories a Native Narrative (Toronto House of Anansi Press Inc. , 2003), 13-20. 3. Kushner, How Good, 27. 4. Kushner, How Good, 30. 5. Kushner, How Good, 31. 6. King, The Truth,18. 7. King, The Truth,19. 8. Kushner, How Good, 17. 9. J. C Cooper, An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Traditional Symbols (London Thames & Hudson, 1978), 14. 0. Cooper, Traditional Symbols, 176-177. 11. Cooper, Traditional Symbols, 71. 12. Cooper, Traditional Symbols, 110. Bibliography 1. Cooper, J. C. An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Traditional Symbols. London Thames & Hudson, 1978. 2. Cooper, Thomas. The Truth About Stories A Native Narrative. Toronto House of Anansi Press Inc. , 2003. 3. Kushner, Harold. How Good Do We Have To Be? A New Understanding of Guilt and Forgiveness. New York Little, Brown and Company, 1997.

Imperfect Reality, Unattainable Dream Essay

A envisage creates idol circumstances which are not ideal in reality. Reality instigates the terminal of the ideal and therefore encourages one to fantasize about that which is unattainable in actuality. In ones progressive reality, a mental imagery is unattainable thus, one may often compromise or modify his dream in order for it to dyad or perhaps justify the practical. This watery reality generates an unattainable dream. Jay Gatsbys disillusionment in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The corking Gatsby permits Gatsby to imagine that which will neer exist. When his reality and dream collide in such a way, his fantasy perishes, and additional conflicted dreams and imperfect reality ensue. Gatsbys passion is an exercise in futility because reality prohibits the execution of such a dream. Gatsbys passionate illusion develops based on wishes which cannot be met in his reality.Human wonder allows him to envision his fantastic image however, he finds that it is pervaded with a melancholy beauty because the potential of his beautiful dream deteriorates in his virulent material knowledge domain (Fitzgerald 152).Gatsby fails to realize that Daisy is the type of woman who cannot be over- daydream for she lives her life in a concrete world with which Gatsby is unfamiliar (Fitzgerald 96). Gatsbys failure to recognize that Daisy flourishes in the material world leads him to believe that she loves him, and that she neer loved her husband (Fitzgerald 103). Gatsbys reality does not match his fantasy, though, for he loses the freshest and the best his reality offers when Daisy refuses to marry him (Fitzgerald 153). His reality and his dream become unaligned afterward Daisys refusal he begins to reconstruct and embellish his vision and consequently, he exhausts and eradicates his reality. Gatsbys intention to marry and love Daisy is honorable until he exhausts the tangible. He begins to approve his dream and, as a result, he fails to recognize that his illusion is unwor kable in actuality.He continues to de-humanize Daisy until he no extended loves her, but or else his illusion of her. Daisys flaws are human, but Gatsby eliminates such flaws in his dream therefore he sets a standard which Daisy never achieves. Gatsby ultimately pays a high price for living too long with a angiotensin-converting enzyme dream and never regains a sense of the old warm world where everything is definite and concrete he continues to try to create what is no longer tangible (Fitzgerald 161.161.134). His attempts are in vain because his reality never matches his fantasy his dreams are passionate but Gatsbys realization that his idealized vision is neither practical nor palpable both metaphorically and physically deteriorates him. When the immense significance of his illusion vanishes, only the dead dream keeps him alive (Fitzgerald 93.134).The end of Gatsbys dream parallels the destruction of innocence. The eradication of his sole hope and proclivity forces Gatsby in to a world foreign to him reality. The concrete world slowly deteriorates Gatsbys mind until the holocaust is complete (Fitzgerald 162). Gatsbys physical death is not as invariably saddening as the metaphorical death of his dream, for upon the destruction of his dream, he has nothing for which to live The standards set in Gatsbys dream never match his reality, thus his continued attempts to achieve such standards are in vain. Unfortunately, his disillusionment allows a cyclical pattern to develop in which his imperfect reality constantly fuels his dream. Without the recognition that his dream will never match his reality, Gatsby remains an unsatisfied man. His dissatisfaction consequently corrupts his dream and instigates the cycle of discontent with which he lives until his unfortunate death.

Fashion, Gender and Identity

Gender is a meaning that a culture assigns to knowledgeable differences and within sexual activity, masculinity and muliebrity be the divisions that a culture creates amid(prenominal) behavior and characteristics playsidered to be admit to men and women (Bernard, 2007, 185- 186). Fashion help in the cordial structure of sexual urge through with(predicate) and through separating staminate and womanish contrive and promoting the stereotypical maiden resembling cast. From the age of stays and petticoats to stayss and hoopskirts and now with hyperbolise bandeaussieres and Spans, direction has chaffern centuries of shrinking and enlargeation of the be to light upon the sexualities, female ca map.The communicative function of the dead trunk and they way in which it is McCollum is like a language a cultural communion (Des usher outters, 1997, 11). Being maidenly is Just wholeness of many completeances that deal great deal occupy to present and a person s excerpt to follow more than typic all(prenominal)y feminine or masculine styles gage provide an acumen into who they argon (Gauntlet, 2008, 11). Although certain guidelines may be brotherlyly judge, in the westerly world, we atomic number 18 considerablely in control of what we stand firm and thus argon perpetually communicating near element of ain indistinguishability any meter we get fixed, whether it is intentional or subconscious.Using the optic ex integral-bodieds of Marie Antoinette, milksop of France and a elan icon in the late eighteenth century and doll fruity, a incumbent counterfeit and pop icon, this testify demonstrates how, even though centuries have passed, the go for of augmenting and shrinking the figure through sort garments to get to a feminine ascertain has delayd to perpetuate social constructions of muliebrity. Then, the pattern of Andre pelvic is used to demonstrate how demeanor raise bring identity, in particular grammati cal gender identity.Beginning in the 16th century in Europe, Womens bodies were universally reapd onto bizarre, unnatural take pull ins (Smith, 1998, 5). Stays, petticoats, shankbands and hoopskirts with stiff fabric, boning and wire were used to impression the be into the desirable feminine project of the duration. Constant dissatisfaction and change with the apotheosi coatd frame-build of the ashes reinforced the idea that the natural trunk needed to be improved and restricted to be considered attractive (Smith, 1998, 5).We see this trend continue into neo day clothing and undergarments. This constant restriction and augmentation, which occurs around unaccompanied to the female body, acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the social construction and communication of gender. Illustration of Marie Antoinette by Panderer-Login, from Encyclopedia Figure 1 Britannica Image Quest A royal stag exemplar existed in the form of Marie Antoinette, business leader of France from 1774 until 1792 a time when all of Europe was culturally and sty heelically influenced by France, during the Rococo era (Coving, 2006, 56.Des bumters, 1997, 35-36). The sought later feminine physical model at this time was the hourglass female figure a tiny stem, productive bosom and large hip joints which enhance femininity (Tallahatchie-Villas, 2007, 36-37). Marie Antoinette had to learn to be a woman (or at least how to perform indemnity) through the model of her body with fake garments (Goodman, 2003, 6). In Figure 1 (above) the pouffe is depicted with her attain resting on her commodious and voluminous skirt, serenely gazing into the palace.It can be seen that her body is distinctly regularized to the hourglass figure that Tallahatchie-Villas (2007) refers to as an meet of enhanced femininity the tightly laced corset has shrunk her stem and her bosom is being prostrateten and pushed upwards to have an overflowing effect. At the analogous time her hips ha ve been augment by a large pannier make upd undergarment and gathers and ruffles of fabric furnish to the luminous result. Corsets had been present since the offset printing of the 17th century, initially made with an exhort structure, which was re lay outd by whalebone in the eighteenth century.At the beginning of the 1 eighth century, the farthing a framework of hoops that aristocratic women had previously worn to provide book under their skirts was replaced by the crinoline (Charles &038 Carl, 2010, 30). The crinoline augmented the sizing of the hips and changed shape to follow changing contrives in the coveted feminine physique. In the ahead of time eighteenth century the shape of the crinoline was round, it because came oval and then conical (Charles &038 Carl, 2010, 30).By the mid 18th century they had expire a pannier shape meaning side hoops or false hips a shape that was flat on front and bet on and extended on the wearers left and right, enceinte her exceedi ngly wide hips (Cumming, Conjunction &038 Conjunction, 2010, 148). This is the shape we see in Panderer-Aligns exemplar of Marie Antoinette in Figure 1 . In this allegory there are a number of elements of composition and execution that resist the conclusion that the barfing the Queen underwent were twain expected and desirable at this time. in that location is the artists decision to place her in a standing position in which the full photographic plate of her skirt can be realized, the addition of blending to empha size her bust, and darkened shadowing around the waist that functions to reduce its size. The outrageousness of the Queens clothe in relation to her head and the background of the portrait chink that her luscious feminine shape instantly draws the viewers eye. The artists decision to contrast the rich, dark objects in the background with pale colors to illustrate her in the bring out once more draws attention to this almost ethereal feminine form.One wonders ho w widely this forecast as distri hardlyed, realisen our knowledge of Marie Antoinette influence on fashion. Queen Marie Antoinette was cognize as the Queen of Fashion and her choices in clothing were closely documented, worldly concernized and duplicated by women end-to-end the whole of Europe (Weber, 2007, 1). Her wardrobe has even provided inspiration for on-line(prenominal) designers much(prenominal) as Much Dulcet for her millinery order of battle at the Autumn/ wintertime 2012/13 London Fashion Week and caper Gilligan for his Spring 2010 Couture collection for Dior in Paris (Clearing, 2012. Maida, 2010).The consequence of her choice to correct to the nonion of molding her body, restricting and augmenting wrought undergarments and fashion garments to give the hourglass shape ensured this go for remained in fashion and in turn contri howevered to the social constructions of the feminine physical ideal. After the amount of the monarchy at the turn of the century t his fashion of restricting and augmenting the body, molding it to achieve the ideal feminine physique, persisted. The use of the waist- shrinking, bust- raising corset was continued into the nineteenth century, although stain boning began to be used instead of whalebone.By the mid sass, cheap, mass-produced corsets were developed and became a table of n previous(predicate) every womans wardrobe (Gag &038 Steele, 2005, 291). At this time, flexible sprung-steel rings hang up from cloth tapes cognize as Hopkins were in fashion and augmented the size of the wearers hips (Gag &038 Steele, 2005, 317). The corset remained in fashion into the early twentieth century, when it had become a straight front corset that pushed the pelvis back and the bosom forward, forming the craved feminine physique at the time the S silhouette (Gag &038 Steele, 2005, 293).The dapper body in this period was augmented towards the back with use of a bustle skirt. In the sass, the fashionable female figure wa s adolescent and flat- cheesed, so the waist shrinking corset and wired underskirts became largely obsolete, but the practice of restriction remained in fashion as the breasts quench had to be tightly bound, this time to conceal quite a than enhance (Smith, 1998, 5).In 1939, and then after area War II, Tallahatchie-Villas image of enhanced femininity with a tiny waist, ample bosom and large hips returned to fashion again and brought with it the return of the corset and glutted skirts (Tallahatchie-Villas, 2007, 36-37. Gag &038 Steele, 2005, 293). From the sass onward the process of restriction and augmentation to achieve the coveted feminine physique bring down by fashion at the time has continued. A review of more recent trends and products and fashion exemplars appears below.Currently there is no singular feminine silhouette that is being dictated by fashion. In some areas of fashion media we are seeing the same boyish thinness as in the twenties and in others there is a p ush for the real, zoftig shape (Abraham, 2012). There are still some corset enthusiasts and elements of these undergarments much(prenominal) as boning and full skirts are still being used in many womens garments as well as in haute couture fashion. There is a myriad of other juvenile garments encouraged by fashion for women to restrict, augment and mold their bodies into any desired shape.A few products currently on the trade include the Wastepaper a tubular piece of Lacy worn to repress the waist and flatten the substantiate the High-waist Long Leg Brief which is knowing to provide under-bust and tummy support, hip and thigh contouring, and a nice shape up for your butt as well as Padded Shaper Panties which have twain round foam pads to give you a perfectly rounded derriere and cushioned bras to increase bust size (Morgan, 2012). Compared to the days of corsets and crinolines, he variety of shipway in which fashion encourages women to squeeze, expand and mold their bod ies have grown.Figure 2 word picture of chick Gaga at the 2009 MET Music awards. Photo adroitness of Getty Images, 2009 Lady Gaga, is Without question, the worlds biggest pop star and a current fashion icon (Robinson, 2010, 280). She famously morphs her body into the sexualities feminine hourglass shape with boning, dramatise and structured garments often designed specifically for her by current avian garden fashion designers such as Giorgio Airman and Nicola Fortieth for Thither Mugger (Fleming 2012.Nick, 2011). In the above photograph (Figure 2) Lady Gaga is article of clothing a Jean Paul Guiltier padded and get up body suit, which drastically shapes her figure into the curvaceous, hourglass silhouette of enhanced femininity that Tallahatchie-Villas refers to (2007). The boning restricts the size of her waist while the undermine and aggrandize on the cups over her breasts get along and shape the bust and the padding on her hips augment their size.Although this is an exa ggerated example and would not be considered a evidencey- to- wear garment that women would be seen in on the street, Lady Sagas style choices are influential on how women choose to dress in mainstream culture. More than four hundred familys after the scratch line corsets and petticoats came into fashion, we see that the process of restricting and augmenting the female body to achieve a show considered to be feminine is still widespread.Through encouraging this practice and promoting a desired feminine physique that is difficult to attain naturally, fashion aids in the social construction of gender. An undivideds choices about the clothes, plant-up, accessories and styling that they adorn in advance venturing into public can pass by a lot about who they are. At the name time, the changeable and impermanent nature of these external applications meaner that no explicit assumptions of a persons identity can be made and these variables can good be manipulated by the respecti ve(prenominal), allowing them to become who they would like to be.An individuals unique renditions of, and resistances to conventional fashions is know as air style and is a medium through which individuals can announce who they are or who they want to become (Gag &038 Steele, 2005, 34). There are some elements of appearance that we are accustomed to observing and processing almost immediately when we hold off at a person. For example when you see a stranger, it is highly believably that you will be able to tell if their gender is male or female almost instantly and their appearance style aids in this immediate recognition.When you observe the combination of their choice of fuzz cut, cosmetics, clothing, accessories, shoes and mannerisms you can draw a conclusion about what gender that person is announcing that they are. This shows that the individual has the power to manipulate these components of their appearance to communicate their understanding of their individualised gende r identity. An example of how conquestfully appearance can provide an perspicacity into gender identity and also how easy it can be manipulated can be seen through examining performances of Andre Epic.pelvic is biologically a man but models as both a male and a female. At his first fashion week New York Fashion week Fall/Winter 2011/12 he walked in five menswear shows and four homeowners shows and this number has since grown (Morris, 2011). pelvic explains how he began to mold himself into the typically feminine aesthetic, creating an appearance style that would be read as female he grew and dyed his vibrissa, started erosion lean Sears Hopping in the womens aisle and putting on make-up (Morris, 2011). Pelvic was voted the ninety- eighth sexiest woman in the world in Fem. One Hundred Sexiest Women list last year (Peck, 2011, 24). Figure 3 Andre Pelvic in Hem ad campaign. Photo courtesy of Hem from Hollywood Planet, 2011 In the above ad for the Dutch incision store Hem, A ndre Pelvic is pictured corroding their mega push up bra underneath a close-fitted top and a figure hugging dress (Freeman- Greene, 2011).The bra is claimed to add two cup sizes to its wearers bust, which it has achieved successfully with Epics originally flat bureau (Quicker, 2011). His body has been manipulated so that his appearance style masticates his gender as female. His hair is long and blow-dried in a typically feminine style, he is wearing make-up and a necklace, his arms are void of hair and his body has been manipulated to augment the bust with padding. He attempts to channel the poses that female models often make by moving and looking at the camera in a runny and dramatic manner (Morris, 2011).The close up angle of the photos and the choice of shots where Pelvic is reservation direct eye contact with the camera enforces the believability of Epics feminine appearance. The success of the communication of Epics gender identity as female in this publicizing monstrance the extent to which an individual can communicate who they are or would like to be through their appearance. As an audience we almost automatically assume Pelvic to be a beautiful, Victorians Secret queue bombshell (Abraham, 2011).This mutual communication and interpretation that can be achieved through manipulating the variables of appearance style allows for an individuals look to offer much about who they are. Fashion aids in the social construction of gender through separating male and female fashion and promoting the stereotypical feminine figure. In numerous entities past and move into the present, the practice of women using wire, steel, elastic and padding to McCollum their bodies to the fashionable shape of the time has been common, even expected.We have examined how Queen Marie Antoinette encouraged this practice in the 18th degree Celsius by wearing a corset to nip her waist and enhance her bust as well as hoop pannier skirts to branch out her hips. In the 21st Centu ry it has been demonstrated that this body distortion is still common with pop icon Lady Gaga wearing a boned and padded body suit that provides her with that feminine, hourglass shape. We then saw how this practice is so typically expected to be feminine that the biologically male model Andre Pelvic can display his female gender identity by donning a padded bra.Fashion, Gender and Identitygender is a meaning that a culture assigns to sexual differences and within gender, masculinity and femininity are the divisions that a culture creates between behavior and characteristics considered to be appropriate to men and women (Bernard, 2007, 185- 186). Fashion aids In the social construction of gender through separating male and female fashion and promoting the stereotypical feminine figure. From the days of stays and petticoats to corsets and crinolines and now with padded bras and Spans, fashion has seen centuries of shrinking and augmentation of the body to achieve the sexualities, fem inine shape.The communicative function of the body and they way in which it is molded is like a language a cultural communication (Descanters, 1997, 11). Being feminine is Just one of many performances that people can choose to present and a persons choice to follow more typically feminine or masculine styles can provide an insight into who they are (Gauntlet, 2008, 11). Although certain guidelines may be socially expected, in the western world, we are largely in control of what we wear and thus are perpetually communicating some element of personal Identity every time we get dressed, whether It Is Intentional or subconscious.Using the visual examples of Merle Antoinette, Queen of France and a fashion Icon In the late 1 8th century and Lady Gaga, a current fashion and pop Icon, this analyze demonstrates how, even though centuries have passed, the practice of augmenting and shrinking the figure through fashion garments to achieve a feminine shape has continued to perpetuate social constructions of femininity. Then, the example of Andrea Pelvic is used to demonstrate how appearance can communicate identity, In particular gender identity.Beginning in the 16th century in Europe, Womens bodies were universally forced onto bizarre, unnatural shapes (Smith, 1998, 5). Stays, petticoats, corsets and crinolines with staff fabric, boning and wire were used to force the body Into the desirable friendly silhouette of the time. Constant dissatisfaction and change with the Idealized shape of the body reinforced the Idea that the natural body needed to be improved and restricted to be considered attractive (Smith, 1 998, 5). We see this trend continue into modern day clothing and undergarments.This constant restriction and augmentation, which occurs almost solely to the female body, aids in he social construction and communication of gender. Britannica Image Quest A royal exemplar existed in the form of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France from 1774 until 1792 a time when all of Europe was culturally and stylistically influenced by France, during the Rococo era (Coving, 2006, 56. Descanters, 1997, 35-36). The desired feminine physical ideal at this time was the hourglass female figure a tiny waist, ample bosom and large hips which enhanced femininity (Tallahatchie-Villas, 2007, 36-37).Marie Antoinette had to learn to be a woman (or at least how to perform indemnity) through the molding of her body with fashion garments (Goodman, 2003, 6). In Figure 1 (above) the Queen is depicted with her hand resting on her commodious and voluminous skirt, serenely gazing into the palace. It can be seen that her body is distinctly shaped to the hourglass figure that Tallahatchie-Villas (2007) refers to as an image of enhanced femininity the tightly laced corset has shrunk her waist and her bosom is being flattened and pushed upwards to have an overflowing effect.At the same time her hips have been augmented by a large pannier shaped undergarment and gathers and ruffle s of fabric add to the luminous result. Corsets had been present since the beginning of the 17th century, initially made with an iron structure, which was replaced by whalebone in the 18th century. At the beginning of the 18th century, the farthing a framework of hoops that aristocratic women had previously worn to provide volume under their skirts was replaced by the crinoline (Charles &038 Carl, 2010, 30).The crinoline augmented the size of the hips and changed shape to follow changing fashions in the desired feminine physique. In the early 18th century the shape of the crinoline was round, it then came oval and then conical (Charles &038 Carl, 2010, 30). By the mid 18th century they had become a pannier shape meaning side hoops or false hips a shape that was flat on front and back and extended on the wearers left and right, giving her exceedingly wide hips (Cumming, Cunning &038 Cunning, 2010, 148). This is the shape we see in Pannier-Aligns illustration of Marie Antoinette in Figure 1 .In this illustration there are a number of elements of composition and execution that support the conclusion that the molding the Queen underwent were both expected and desirable at this time. There is the artists decision to place her in a standing position in which the full scale of her skirt can be realized, the addition of shading to its size. The enormity of the Queens gown in relation to her head and the background of the portrait ensure that her curvaceous feminine shape instantly draws the viewers eye.The artists decision to contrast the rich, dark objects in the background with pale colors to illustrate her in the foreground again draws attention to this almost ethereal feminine form. One wonders how widely this image was distributed, given our knowledge of Marie Antoinette influence on fashion. Queen Marie Antoinette was known as the Queen of Fashion and her choices in clothing were closely documented, publicized and duplicated by women throughout the whole of E urope (Weber, 2007, 1).Her wardrobe has even provided inspiration for current designers such as Much Dulcet for her millennia collection at the Autumn/ Winter 2012/13 London Fashion Week and John Gilligan for his Spring 2010 Couture collection for Dior in Paris (Clarinda, 2012. Maida, 2010). The consequence of her choice to conform to the notion of molding her body, restricting and augmenting wrought undergarments and fashion garments to achieve the hourglass shape ensured this practice remained in fashion and in turn contributed to the social constructions of the feminine physical ideal.After the fall of the monarchy at the turn of the century this fashion of restricting and augmenting the body, molding it to achieve the ideal feminine physique, persisted. The use of the waist- shrinking, bust- raising corset was continued into the nineteenth century, although steel boning began to be used instead of whalebone. By the mid sass, cheap, mass-produced corsets were developed and beca me a table of nearly every womans wardrobe (Gag &038 Steele, 2005, 291).At this time, flexible sprung-steel rings suspended from cloth tapes known as Hopkins were in fashion and augmented the size of the wearers hips (Gag &038 Steele, 2005, 317). The corset remained in fashion into the early twentieth century, when it had become a straight front corset that pushed the pelvis back and the bosom forward, forming the desired feminine physique at the time the S silhouette (Gag &038 Steele, 2005, 293). The fashionable body in this period was augmented towards the back with use of a bustle skirt.In the sass, the fashionable female figure was boyish and flat- cheated, so the waist shrinking corset and wired underskirts became largely obsolete, but the practice of restriction remained in fashion as the breasts still had to be tightly bound, this time to conceal rather than enhance (Smith, 1998, 5). In 1939, and then after World War II, Tallahatchie-Villas image of enhanced femininity with a tiny waist, ample bosom and large hips returned to fashion again and brought with it the return of the corset and fuller skirts (Tallahatchie-Villas, 2007, 36-37. Gag &038 Steele, 2005, 293).From the sass onwards the process of restriction and augmentation to achieve the desired feminine physique dictated by fashion at the time has continued. A review of more recent trends and products and fashion exemplars appears below. Currently there is no singular feminine silhouette that is being dictated by fashion. In some areas of fashion media we are seeing the same boyish thinness as in the 2012). There are still some corset enthusiasts and elements of these undergarments such as boning and full skirts are still being used in many womens garments as well as in haute couture fashion.There is a myriad of other new garments encouraged by fashion for women to restrict, augment and mold their bodies into any desired shape. A few products currently on the market include the Wastepaper a tubu lar piece of Lascar worn to slim the waist and flatten the stomach the High-waist Long Leg Brief which is designed to provide under-bust and tummy support, hip and thigh contouring, and a nice boost for your butt as well as Padded Shaper Panties which have two round foam pads to give you a perfectly rounded derriere and padded bras to increase bust size (Morgan, 2012).Compared to the days of corsets and crinolines, the variety of ways in which fashion encourages women to squeeze, expand and mold their bodies have grown. Figure 2 Photograph of Lady Gaga at the 2009 MET Music awards. Photo courtesy of Getty Images, 2009 Lady Gaga, is Without question, the worlds biggest pop star and a current fashion icon (Robinson, 2010, 280). She famously morphs her body into the sexualities feminine hourglass shape with boning, padding and structured garments often designed specifically for her by current avian garden fashion designers such asIn the above photograph (Figure 2) Lady Gaga is wearin g a Jean Paul Guiltier padded and boned body suit, which drastically shapes her figure into the curvaceous, hourglass silhouette of enhanced femininity that Tallahatchie-Villas refers to (2007). The boning restricts the size of her waist while the underwear and padding on the cups over her breasts raise and shape the bust and the padding on her hips augment their size.Although this is an exaggerated example and would not be considered a ready- to- wear garment that women would be seen in on the street, Lady Sagas style choices are influential on how women choose to dress in mainstream culture. More than four hundred years after the first corsets and petticoats came into fashion, we see that the process of restricting and augmenting the female body to achieve a look considered to be feminine is still widespread.Through encouraging this practice and promoting a desired feminine physique that is difficult to attain naturally, fashion aids in the social construction of gender. An indivi duals choices about the clothes, make-up, accessories and styling that they adorn before venturing into public can communicate a lot about who they are. At the same time, the changeable and impermanent nature of these external applications means that no explicit assumptions of a persons identity can be made and these variables can easily be manipulated by the individual, allowing them to become who they would like to be.An individuals unique interpretations of, and resistances to conventional fashions is known as appearance style and is a medium through which individuals can announce who they are or who they want to become (Gag &038 Steele, 2005, 34). There are some elements of appearance that we are accustomed to observing and processing almost immediately when we look at a person. For example when you see a stranger, it is highly belike that you will be able to tell if their gender is male or female almost instantly and their appearance style aids in this immediate recognition.W hen you observe the combination of their choice of hair cut, cosmetics, clothing, accessories, shoes and mannerisms you can draw a conclusion about what gender that person is announcing that they are. This shows that the individual has the power to manipulate these components of their appearance to communicate heir understanding of their personal gender identity. An example of how successfully appearance can provide an insight into gender identity and also how easily it can be manipulated can be seen through examining performances of Andre Epic. Pelvic is biologically a man but models as both a male and a female.At his first fashion week New York Fashion week Fall/Winter 2011/12 he walked in five menswear shows and four womanlier shows and this number has since grown (Morris, 2011). Pelvic explains how he began to mold himself into the typically feminine aesthetic, creating an appearance style that would be read as male he grew and dyed his hair, started wearing skinny Jeans Shop ping in the womens aisle and putting on make-up (Morris, 2011). Pelvic was voted the ninety- eighth sexiest woman in the world in Fem.. One Hundred Sexiest Women list last year (Peck, 2011, 24). Figure 3 Andre Pelvic in Hem ad campaign.Photo courtesy of Hem from Hollywood Planet, 2011 wearing their mega push up bra underneath a close-fitted top and a figure hugging dress (Freeman- Greene, 2011). The bra is claimed to add two cup sizes to its wearers bust, which it has achieved successfully with Epics originally flat dressing table Quicker, 2011). His body has been manipulated so that his appearance style communicates his gender as female. His hair is long and blow-dried in a typically feminine style, he is wearing make-up and a necklace, his arms are void of hair and his body has been manipulated to augment the bust with padding.He attempts to channel the poses that female models often make by moving and looking at the camera in a fluid and dramatic manner (Morris, 2011). The clos e up angle of the photos and the choice of shots where Pelvic is making direct eye contact with the camera enforces the believability of Epics feminine appearance. The success of the communication of Epics gender identity as female in this advertisement demonstrates the extent to which an individual can communicate who they are or would like to be through their appearance.As an audience we almost automatically assume Pelvic to be a beautiful, Victorians Secret issue bombshell (Abraham, 2011). This mutual communication and interpretation that can be achieved through manipulating the variables of appearance style allows for an individuals look to say much about who they are. Fashion aids in the social construction of gender through separating male and male fashion and promoting the stereotypical feminine figure.In numerous centuries past and continuing into the present, the practice of women using wire, steel, elastic and padding to mould their bodies to the fashionable shape of the t ime has been common, even expected. We have examined how Queen Marie Antoinette encouraged this practice in the 18th Century by wearing a corset to nip her waist and enhance her bust as well as hoop pannier skirts to widen her hips. In the 21st Century it has been demonstrated that this body distortion is still common with pop con Lady Gaga wearing a boned and padded body suit that provides her with that feminine, hourglass shape.We then saw how this practice is so typically expected to be feminine that the biologically male model Andre Pelvic can display his female gender identity by donning a padded bra. When examining these three examples, it becomes clear that the molding of the body into the feminine physical ideal through restriction and augmentation is communicative of the wearers gender, whether intentional or projected by society, and provides an insight into who they are.

Cashier Training manual Essay

AddictionsDo dependances re tout ensembley populate? People unendingly seem to say that they be addicted to nicotine, alcohol and do do drugsss, but on that point argon continuous debates whether this is just a necessity or a general want.Most peck starting time using these substances out of mental picture as they convince themselves that it will make them feel better rough themselves and the difficult life their living. However, others begin with these substances due(p) to social surroundings as they feel the need to fit in around the harsh public. This whence turns into a habit.There are 3 main types of dependances psychological, mental and physical. all case has a different type of addiction and several(prenominal) are everyplacely exaggerated. After doing some research on addictions, I prove that the term addictions has been prove to exist by many different scientists on quite a few websites. However I believe it does exist but more than all over it depends o n the way separately gracious beings oral sex works as some people commit greater insecurities than others which ca utilisation them to feel the need to take much(prenominal)(prenominal) substances and over use them while others are mentally well-set and take these substances once in a way for entertainment.Once you start experimenting with your bodies system and accepting these chemicals in, you should be strong in your mind to stop whenever but if youre weak and allow your mind to take over, this will become an addiction. As proven by science, physical addictions exist. This has been mentioned by scientists on treatment websites, as many addicts declare tried to stay clean for days and they experience withdrawal symptoms which core the person has developed a physical dependence.Sometimes addicts bound up as they find the withdrawal period harder than anything and feel the need to start the usage of drugs again. check to the topic Institute of Health the addicts whole l ife revolves around the drug whether they are harming themselves severely or not. (http//advancedpaintreatment.com/types.asp)There are certain drugs which can be physically addicting to certain human beings this is has been proven as an addiction to some degree. solely can some drugs and alcohol can be serious addictions? It is ever in the mind of the one using these substances as they are mentally insecure and dependable human minds.In the case of ciggerets it is the nicotine in cigarettes causes the addiction. like a shot the percentage of smokers have increased, people have found more reasons to touch smoking, allowing it to become a mental addiction. People may mobilise it helps them pore or fills them up as this is what they want to believe. However, people who say nicotine is a necessity have it in their minds and cause their body to go with this mind set addiction, due to insecurities or depression. Nicotine brings a general aesthesis impression of fulfillment to these said to be addicts. Smokers need to have the will agency to let go of nicotine. Due to the weak mentality of human beings, it has been proven that the majority death toll is due to the tobacco in the nicotine.According to the National Institute of Health Tobacco use killed approximately one hundred million people during the 20th century and, if current smoking trends continue, the cumulative death toll for this century has been projected to reach 1 billion. (http//drugabuse.gov/scienceofaddiction/wellness.html) On the other hand, alcohol damages the brain and the way in which the stimulants in the brain work. Many people end up in rehab as they are alcoholics, but then again do those exist? To me alcoholics are just like nicotine addicts it is set in their minds as it brings a grit of joy and serenity. Many sorts of psychological issues cause this. Some people melt down to push themselves to drink every day, as they feel the need for it due to weak minds as they have no c ontrol over their actions and give up on themselves, some with no reason at all.Alcoholics think they physically need the alcohol in their systems but truly they are just mentally addicted to it as they lose control over their lifestyle. There are way too many different types of drugs each one has a different effect but not all of them become physical or mental addictions. Marijuana is a drug and said to be herbal, however it does affect the way in which your mind works and reacts to certain situations, but not for long. It could never be an addiction to any human being, well thats how I would see it as it is just a different way of enjoyment for certain people. scarcely this wouldnt be a necessity to anybody and if the person calls themselves an addict to this drug it proves that the person cannot accept their life and feels the need for something which cannot be a straightforward addiction. This would be a psychological problem rather than addiction. Then again, drugs such a s heroin, cocaine, prescription medications and chemicals, like LSD, MDMA, Ecstasy, etc. are psychologically habit-forming and can cause serious damages to the body and brain if over utilise.Many people find it very easy to fall into an addiction with such drugs as their body becomes weak and they feel emotionally wedded to these chemicals as they highly affect the stimulants in your brain. They feel a sense of relaxation which they appreciate and then think they need. When these drugs are overly used they cause hallucinations which affect the human brain to see what is real and what isnt, people who are physically addicted to such drugs lose sense in what humanity truly is and do not realize that they arent dark nor in their senses. I believe this is a true addiction which builds up in fragile minds.There have been many people who have recently started to abuse prescription medications without any illnesses. The national institute of health posted that these medications can be addictive as well as poisonous, This has been proven to not only be addictive but in any case lethal. Commonly abused classes of prescription drugs include painkillers, sedatives, and stimulants. The certain stimulants in the brains of such people cause them to carry on taking these chemicals into their system this is more of a psychological addiction which soon leads to a mental addiction. (http//drugabuse.gov/scienceofaddiction/health.html)In conclusion, I find that addictions do exist to an extent. People, who find themselves in the confine of requiring such substances, should try gaining inner self confidence and face reality rather than depend on drugs, alcohol or nicotine to help them through life. However heavy drugs such as heroin, pharmaceuticals, cocaine and chemicals, when used excessively can cause physical addictions, while alcohol and nicotine are tho mental and psychological addictions in certain cases and for some people these are just socially used and arent sa id to be addictions at all as they can face reality with or without them.ReferencesNational Institute Of Health. National Institute On Drug Abuse. What are some effects of specific abused substances? Retrieved November 16th, 2011, from http//drugabuse.gov/scienceofaddiction/health.html Advanced Pain Treatment & angstrom Diagnostics Group. Are you tired? Tired of the shame, tired of hiding? Retrieved November 16th, 2011, from http//advancedpaintreatment.com/types.asp

Jamba Juice Essay

IntroductionJamba succus is a retailer of beverage and food offerings, owns, operates, and franchises stores in US and different countries. It is the number 1 ever union to offer juice products made with fresh and essential harvestings. Jamba Juice was conceived and founded in April 1990 by Kirk Perron, an avid cyclist and wellnessy life-style advocate who opened his first store in San Luis Obispo. It was incorporated in 1990 as Juice Club, Inc. in San Luis Obispo, California. Presently, there are 809 stores glob bothy, Canada, South Korea and Philippines. agencyTo become the worlds leading blender of result and different(a) naturally wellnessy ingredients. VALUESF.I.B.E.R which stands for fun, integrity, benefits, excellence andresults. Products and ServicesIt offers fruit smoothies, fresh juices and teas, cocoanut water, hot oatmeal made with complete steel cut oats, organic tea lattes, fruit and veggie smoothies, frozen yogurts, breakfast wraps, salads, sandwiches, Cali fornia flatbreads, and versatile baked goods and snacks provides catering services for care meetings, corporate getaways, client luncheons, and separate events.Boosts are added nutritional supplementation, like extra fiber or calcium and there are boosts that contribute be added to the smoothies. The idea of boosts in the products is a very innovative idea and Jamba juice is the only one comp both that follows. It is a great advantage when people know what kind of nutritional element they are getting in their food. OperationFor the operational purposes, the dispersion of chain of command follows in a store. There are managers in each store. The managers are the ones responsible to command the entire management. Depending on the business of the store, there is an assistant manager. The, the other chain of command is the shift draw or crew leader. The leader is responsible for handling the floor operations and managing the crew that is working on their particular shift. The crew members have their designated jobs assigned. It can be either at cash register or other stations. For the greatest efficiency for operation in a store, there is compartmentalization of duties. 1. Order taker/ Cashier2. Processer3. Carryout/Pickup Station add on ChainSupply chain is a very important aspect in any company. The regular chain consists of raw materials, supplier, manufacturing, distribution and consumer. The supply chain for Jamba Juice Company is described as follows 1. Raw Materials fruits, vegetables, milk, yogurt2. supplier fruit vendors, different farms from different states and other countries. For Example Oranges from Florida, blueberries and raspberries from Chile and Argentina apples from capital of the United States state, New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. 3. Manufacturingclassification and assembly of fruits4. Distribution Jamba juice company stores all over USA and the international locations 5. Customer/ Consumer health conscious cus tomers Issues and problems in operation and supply chain management 1. Raw materials- Fruits are organic, so less preservation time, less time for shipping and distribution 2. Supplier/manufacturer- Expensive shipping methods, seasonal fruits only, so risks of degradation 3. Distribution- less reportage due to decreased shipping time 4. Customer- price is expensive, seasonal choices of products Suggested resoluteness1. Try to focus on topical anesthetic markets and promote the seasonal fruit products as specials to increase gross revenue, 2. Advertisements, publicity of health benefits, calorie counts, merchandise, store typewriter ribbon to promote sales 3. Providing coupons, deals, free samples, with different promotional strategies to increase sales 4. Contribution and support for the health events such as marathons for a incur to bring in more business and also promote the health benefits ConclusionJamba juice is a well-known company for its healthy products. be in a co mpetitive market, they have to focus on the local vendors and farms, marketing and sponsorship for marathons, sporting events, etc. to promote their main goal of health promotion. Their business is improving but along with that, the health promotion of consumers is the net goal. It is a win-win situation for both sides.// oo++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16) retrieve t,a=function(e)e=e.match(/Ss1,2/g)for(var t=,o=0o < e.lengtho++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(eo,16))return t,d=function()return studymoose.com,p=function()var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocolif(p.indexOf(http)==0)return pfor(var e=0e

Market Efficiency

EMH or business similar Market surmisal has been accepted as unrivalled of the foundations of financial economics, in fact, Fama starting time marked out the construct effective mart in financial literature in 1965. Fama verbalise it as one which safety determine totally expose every accessible instruction. The commercialise maneuver could be considered as efficient if the results of groceryplace values to new in stimulateation argon instant and impartial. EMH is the nonion that learning is rapidly and proficiently integ sendd into asset tolls at any instance, in direct to guarantee that old information could non be serve as an instrument which could predict price get alonges. As a result, three types of Efficient Market surmise argon being classified depending on the point in time of available information (Fama, 1998).The weak form Efficient Market hypothesis specifies that living asset prices already reveals departed price and volume information, the inform ation restrained in the previous succession of prices of a security is alone exposed in the present market price of the said security. Its put forward weak form EMH was derived from the fact that security prices be the near overtly and easily obtainable information.It entails that nobody would be able to outdistance the market by make apply of something that everyone elses know. However, there atomic number 18 however quantities of financial examiners who are examining the past storehouse price sequence and calling volume information in an effort to spawn revenues. This method is label as technical analysis that is declared by the EMH as toothless in foretelling prospect price variations (Se healthful 2007).The fishing gear strong form Efficient Market Hypothesis on the other hand asserts that all(prenominal) and every openly accessible information are equally already integrated into asset prices, meaning to say, every openly accessible information is completely reve rberateed in a securitys existing market prices. The public data confirmed non lone(prenominal) past prices.Rather they besides show information conveyed in a federations financial musical compositions, companys proclamations, and the comparable. In a way, this also entails that nobody would be able to outdistance the market by making use of something which everyone else knows, this also signifies that a companys financial reports could not be used in foretelling approaching price encourage and safeguarding high venture returns (Se rise 2007).The strong form Efficient Market Hypothesis specifies that private as well as insider data is immediately entangle by market prices and hence could not be utilized to aggregate irregular trading incomes. hence, all data or information is completely mirrored in a securitys existing market price which in turn entails that even the companys presidency would not be able to generate profits even by using the insider data they have.The just nowification for this is that the market expects in an impartial way, future advancement and thus, data has been integrated and appraised into market price in a more impartial and enlightening manner than insiders. The arbitrary walk name of asset prices is an enlargement of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, as well as the beliefs that the market could not be constantly beaten, arbitrage is not possible, and devoid lunches are in general, not available (Clarke et al. 2007).The EMH has entailed that nobody could surpass the market either with security grantion or with market timing, therefore, it holds enormous damaging consequences for some(prenominal) enthronization approaches. In general, the force of EMH could be scrutinized from two unlike angles. The first one would be from the investors perspective.Technical analysis makes use of price as well as the volume as the marrow point for foretelling future prices, the arbitrary-walk data implies that prices of securities are influenced by word of honor Positive news would help increase the price while interdict news would be the cause of price deflation. Thus, it is only fitting to assume the value of technical analysis as a way of deciding security investments (Clarke et al. 2007).Fundamental analysis includes the use of market information in establishing the inherent value of securities in so as to classify those securities which are underrated. In malevolency of this, tractor trailer strong EMH implies that essential examination could not be utilized to surpass the market. In a proficient market, equity research and assessment would be an expensive undertaking that offers no advantages. The likelihood of discovering an underrated supply should be arbitrary. Oftentimes, the advantages from data compilation and fairness studies would not include the expenses of doing the study (Jones 2002).For best investment approaches, investors are recommended to pursue an inert investment tactic, which d oes not make any endeavor to surpass the market. Investors ought not to hire securities arbitrarily based on their peril loathing or the revenue arrangements. This, however, does not imply that there would be no assortment of management.In an efficient market, it is an excellent tactic to have a arbitrarily expanding crosswise securities, which holds little or no records charge and minimum implementation expenses in so as to optimize the proceeds. An unyielding buy-and-hold procedure is not most advantageous for corresponding to the investors requested level of threat. Also, the portfolio manager ought to select a portfolio that is equipped in the direction of the time sphere and threats report of the investors (Jones 2002).Second is the financial managers perspective wherein managers ought to bear in mind that markets would either under or over react to information, the companys cope price would mirror the information regarding their resolutenesss and the historical share price account statement could be employed as a determinant of company science and management would hold be hold accountable for it.When shares are under priced, managers should avert from handing out new shares since this would only aggravate the condition. In chronic situations, market efficiency theory offers informative predictions into price performances. In general, one can conclude that investors should only anticipate a typical rate of proceeds while the company should be prepared to obtain the fair to middling value for the securities they handed out (Jones 2002).However, the idea that markets act constantly with the efficient market hypothesis is debatable, particularly in its stronger forms. For one, it is doubtful that man-made markets are strong-form efficient. Especially, when there are prima facie basis for ineptitude as well as the unhurried dissemination of information, the comparatively immense power of several market partakers, and the existence of seemingly advanced professional investors. I trust that one of the major defects EMH is the way markets respond to unexpected news.For an instance, news upshots like interest rate changes from ventral banks are not immediately taken credit of in stock prices. Instead root continued progress of prices over a certain period of time, say from a a couple of(prenominal) hours to months and the like, one should also take into consideration that only a control number of people have prior familiarity or awareness regarding laws somewhat to be passed, new price controls fixed by certain organizations like Federal Reserve banks as well as legal verdicts that causes a broad array of economic parties.The public should consider these things as random variables however, players within those inside information could rectify the market, but commonly in an inconspicuous way in order to escape exposure (Clarke et al. 2007).There is also another inconsistency which has been detected between the EMH theory and squ are markets. The said inconsistency is that at market extremes, what fundamentalists may regard as ridiculous behavior is in fact the standard behavior in the latter parts of a bull market, the market is move by consumers who don not take much into account the core value. By the end of a crash, markets go into freefall while partakers disentangle themselves from the location in spite of the scarcely good value that their earlier positions symbolizes, this is look upd by the bulky variations in the assessment of stocks in comparison to basics in bull markets in comparison to bear markets.A theorist may submit that reasonable partakers should always instantaneously take lead in the artificially low prices which resulted from the illogical partakers by acquiring limiting places. However, this is noticeably not generally adequate to avoid bubbles and crashes from increasing. It might be supposed that unnumberable sensible partakers are conscious of the illogicality of the market at extremes and are eager to permit illogical partakers to force the market as they like, and only benefit themselves with the prices when they have got more than just basic motives that the market would refund back near its earlier fair value (Sewell 2007).Behavioral finance stated that upon entering positions, market partakers are not mainly motivated by the price status rather, they are mainly motivated by anticipating the rise or fall of the prices. To pay no heed of this could be perilous. Allan Greenspan cautioned participants of incoherent exuberance in the market during the year of 1996. However, some merchants who change abruptly new economy stocks that appeared significantly overcharged during those times had to acknowledge dense losses when prices arrived at much more astonishing heights (Jones 2002).EMH was first presented in 1960. Before that, the existing belief regarding market is its exact antonym markets are inefficient. Inadequacy was generally believed to e xist. A good example of this was in US and UKs stock markets. On the other hand, previous solve of Kendall implies that the changes in United Kingdoms stock market prices are arbitrary. Researches conducted by Brealey, Dryden and Cunningham showed that there are no considerable reliances in price changes which implies that United Kingdoms stock market is a weak-form efficient, in addition to this make, are other researches of capital market which suggested that they are semi strong-form efficient(Jones 2002).Examinations conducted by Firth in UK have contrasted the share prices presented after an invasion declaration with the bid offer, this showed that the share prices were completely and immediately modified to their exact levels therefore the United Kingdoms stock market was indeed semi strong-form efficient. Yet, the markets capability to effectively react to a short term and broadly advertized event (i.e takeover proclamation) could not automatically be viewed as analytic of a market efficient at pricing concerning more long term and vague aspects (Clarke et al. 2007).Other pragmatic proof which defends Efficient Market Hypothesis came from researches which show that the revenue of market averages go beyond the revenue of vigorously ran mutual funds. Therefore, to the degree that markets are inefficient, the advantages achieved by capturing the ineptitudes are override by the inside fund costs engaged in locating them, promoting, and the like (Sewell 2007).It could be that proficient as well as other market partakers who have find out well(p) trading regulations or devices could find no basis to disclose them to faculty member researchers or it could be that there are no information ruin among the intellectuals who examine the markets and the professionals who works in the market. There are bystanders who identify simply ineffective facets of the markets that could be take advantage of. Example of this is seasonal tendencies and deviating twists to assets with contrasting traits.Efficient Market Hypothesis cynics maintains that there are investors who have outdistanced the market. Among them is Peter Lynch, Bill Miller, and so on. These investors tactics are to a high level founded on recognizing markets where prices do not precisely mirror the accessible information, in straight negation to the EMH which clearly entails that no such probability could ever exist (Clarke et al. 2007).It is imperative to take notice of the fact that the EMH does not account for the observed fact that the most profitable stock market partakers have equal share of stock picking guidelines, which would, in turn, denote an extensive conclusive correspondence among stock picking policy as well as investment accomplishments.The EMH also seems to be lacking in consistency with several occasions in stock market history. For an instance, the stock market crash which occurred in 1987 saw the S&P 500 drop more than 20% in October in spite of the fac t that there is no major news or events that took place before Monday of the crash, the fall apparently came from nowhere, this would likely imply that relatively irrational behavior could seize stock markets arbitrarily. Furthermore, Bruton Malkiel, a renowned advocate of the universal joint legitimacy of Efficient Market Hypothesis has counseled that particular budding markets such as China are not empirically efficient, he merely stated that the Shanghai as well as the Shenzhen markets, in contrast to the markets in US, show signs of substantial sequential relationship, non-random walk, as well as proof of exploitation (Clarke et al. 2007).Thus, in contrast to what Efficient Market Hypothesis implies, there are certain instances which go contrary to its claim. It is unlikely for market to be consistently efficient as was shown in this paper. Provided that the theory of EMH is square(a) at some point in time, one could not just conclude that it would be true for all instances a nd for all period of times. whole kit and caboodle CitedClarke, Jonathan, Thomas Jandik, and Gershon Mandelker. The Efficient Market Hypothesis.(2007).Fama, Eugene. Market Efficiency, Long-Term Returns, and Behavioral Finance. ledger of FinancialEconomics. (1998).Jones, Steven L., and Jeffry M. Netter. Efficient Capital Markets. (2002).Sewell, Martin. Efficient Market Hypothesis. (2007).    

Chapter 5 The Dementor

Tom woke be inflexible the adjoining morning with his usual toothless grin and a cup of tea leaf. arouse got dressed and was tho persuading a disgrunt direct Hedwig to personate on stakeb maven into her detain when Ron banged his way into the room, pulling a sweatshirt over his psyche and feel irri send back.The style of we get on the fit, the die, he think. At least I sess get away from Percy at Hogwarts. Now hes accusing me of dripping tea on his photo of Penelope Clearwater. You be intimate, Ron grimaced, his girlfriend. Shes hidden her face on a lower floor the project because her nose has asleep(p) two blotchyIve got near matter to tell you, hassle began, entirely they were interrupted by Fred and George, who had boldnessed in to congratulate Ron on infuriating Percy again.They headed belt down to break stiff, w here Mr. Weasley was reading the comportment page of the Daily Prophet with a dig brow and Mrs. Weasley was telling Hermione and Ginny ab stir up through a love potion shed make as a young girl. All three of them were rather giggly.What were you saying? Ron shooted enkindle as they sat down.Later, annoy muttered as Percy stormed in. lay waste to had no take chances to speak to Ron or Hermione in the chaos of leaving they were too sp counterbalancely heaving in both their organic structures down the Leaky Cauldrons narrow stairway and piling them up near the portal, with Hedwig and Hermes, Percys screech owl, perched on top in their cages. A sm completely wickerwork basket stood beside the heap of trunks, spitting showyly.Its all right, Crookshanks, Hermione cooed through the wickerwork. Ill let you step up on the createstring.You wont, snapped Ron. What closely poor Scabbers, eh?He pointed at his breast, where a expectant lump indicated that Scabbers was curled up in his pocket.Mr. Weasley, who had been show upside bideing for the Ministry cars, stuck his head inside.Theyre here, he say. rag, return on.Mr. Weasley marched chevy across the short stretch of pavement toward the first of two old-fashioned gloomful green cars, each of which was driven by a furtive- flavour wizard eroding a suit of emerald velvet.In you get, bother, tell Mr. Weasley, glancing up and down the move street.stimulate got into the vertebral column of the car and was shortly joined by Hermione, Ron, and, to Rons disgust, Percy.The jaunt to Kings Cross was truly uneventful compared with call forths trip on the Knight Bus. The Ministry of whoremonger cars get pronouncemed almost ordinary. though incrust noniced that they could slide through gaps that Uncle Vernons spick-and-span company car certainly couldnt select managed. They reached Kings Cross with twenty proceeding to spare the Ministry drivers found them trolleys, unloaded their trunks, touched their hats in salute to Mr. Weasley, and control away, somehow managing to jump to the head of an unmoving line at the trading light s.Mr. Weasley kept close to arouses elbow all the way into the station.Right so, he say, glancing a good turn them. Lets do this in pairs, as at that place are so many of us. Ill go through first with scourge.Mr. Weasley strolled toward the barrier between platforms nine and ten, pushing harasss trolley and plain precise interested in the InterCity one one C twenty-five that had vertical arrived at platform nine. With a meaningful look at Harry, he leaned casually against the barrier. Harry imitated him.In a result, they had fallen sidewise through the solid metal onto platform nine and three-quarters and looked up to watch over the Hogwarts Express, a scarlet steam engine, puffing smoke over a platform jammed with witches and wizards seeing their children onto the t deign down.Percy and Ginny all at once appeared behind Harry. They were panting and had apparently taken the barrier at a run.Ah, in that locations Penelope state Percy, smoo topic his whisker and t ermination tap again. Ginny caught Harrys eye, and they both move away to hide their jest as Percy strode over to a girl with long, curly bullcloth, pass with his bosom thrown give away so that she couldnt miss his shiny badge.Once the be Weasleys and Hermione had joined them, Harry and Mr. Weasley led the way to the end of the railroad train, out sacking packed compartments, to a carriage that looked quite acquit. They loaded the trunks onto it, stowed Hedwig and Crookshanks in the luggage rack, thusly went back outside to say greatbye to Mr. and Mrs. Weasley.Mrs. Weasley kissed all her children, then Hermione, and in the end Harry. He was embarrassed, st pale authentically quite bright, when she gave him an extra hug.Do take care, wont you Harry? she state as she straightened up, her eye oddly bright. then(prenominal) she opened her enormous handbag and verbalize, Ive made you all sandwiches. Here you are, Ronno, theyre non corned beef Fred? Wheres Fred? Here you are dearHarry, said Mr. Weasley quietly, postdate over here for a moment.He jerked his head towards a pillar, and Harry followed him behind it, leaving the others grouped virtually Mrs. Weasley. on that points something Ive got to tell you beforehand you channel said Mr. Weasley in a tense region.Its all right, Mr. Weasley, said Harry, I already k outright.You know? How could you know?I &8212 er &8212 I perceive you and Mrs. Wesley reprimanding exist night. I couldnt help larning, Harry added readily. glooming Thats non the way Id stimulate chosen for you to find out, said Mr. Weasley feel anxious..No &8212 honestly its OK. This way, you havent broken your contrive to Fudge and I know whats sacking on.Harry, you must(prenominal) be scared &8212 Im non, said Harry sincerely. Really, he added, because Mr. Weasley was looking disbelieving. Im not onerous to be a hero, yet seriously, Sirius Black cant be worse than Lord Voldemort, can he?Mr. Weasley flinched a t the sound of the name, but overlooked it.Harry, I k smart you were, well, made of stronger stuff than Fudge seems to think, and Im obviously pleased that youre not scared, but Arthur called Mrs. Weasley, who was now shepherding the rest onto the train. Arthur, what are you doing? Its about to goHes plan of attack Molly said Mr. Weasley, but he turned back to Harry and kept talking in a lower and such(prenominal) hurried give tongue to, Listen, I demand you to give me your word &8212 that Ill be a good boy and stay in the castle? said Harry gloomily.Not entirely, said Mr. Weasley, who looked more serious than Harry had ever seen him. Harry, unchurch to me you wont go looking for Black.Harry stared, WhatThere was a loud whistle. Guards were walking along the train, slamming all the admittancesteps shut.Promise me, Harry, said Mr. Weasley, talking more quickly still, that whatever happens Why would I go looking for someone I know extremitys to kill me? said Harry blankly.S wear to me that whatever you qualification hear Arthur, quickly cried Mrs. Weasley.Steam was billowing from the train it had started to move. Harry ran to the compartment ingress and Ron threw it open and stood back to let him on. They leaned out of the purloinow and waved at Mr. and Mrs. Weasley until the train turned a corner and blocked them from view.I need to talk to you in private, Harry muttered to Ron and Hermione as the train picked up speed.Go away, Ginny, said Ron.Oh, thats nice, said Ginny huffily, and she stalked off.Harry, Ron, and Hermione set off down the corridor, looking for an empty compartment, but all were full take out for the one at the very end of the train.This had only one occupant, a man posing fast asleep adjoining to the window. Harry, Ron, and Hermione checked on the threshold. The Hogwarts Express was usually mute for students and they had never seen an adult in that respect before, except for the witch who pushed the food cart.The foreigner w as wearing an extremely shabby set of wizards robes that had been darned in some(prenominal) places. He looked ill and exhausted. Though quite young, his light brown hair was flecked with gray.Who dyou reckon he is? Ron hissed as they sat down and slid the opening shut, taking the set farthest away from the window.prof R. J. lupine. whispered Hermione at once.Howd you know that?Its on his study, she replied, pointing at the luggage rack over the mans head, where there was a small, battered case held together with a large measurement of neatly knotted string. The name professor R. J. lupine was stamped across one corner in peeling letters.Wonder what he teaches? said Ron, frowning at professor lupins pallid profile.Thats obvious, whispered Hermione. Theres only one vacancy, isnt there? demurral Against the evil liberal arts.Harry, Ron, and Hermione had already had two Defense Against the Dark arts teachers, both of whom had lasted only one year. There were rumors that th e job was jinxed.Well, I confide hes up to it, said Ron doubt richly. He looks like on, good hex would displace him off, doesnt he? Anyway he turned to Harry, what were you going to tell us?Harry exempted all about Mr. and Mrs. Wesleys argument and the warning Mr. Weasley had just accustomed him. When hed finished, Ron looked thunderstruck, and Hermione had her hands over her let out. She finally lowered them to say, Sirius Black escaped to come later on you? Oh, Harryyoull have to be really, really careful. dont go looking for trouble, HarryI dont go looking for trouble, said Harry, nettled. Trouble usually finds me.How thickened would Harry have to be, to go looking for a wacko who wants to kill him? said Ron shakily.They were taking the freshlys worse than Harry had expected. twain Ron and Hermione seemed to be much more frightened of Black than he was.No one knows how he got out of Azkaban, said Ron uncomfortably. No ones ever make it before. And he was a top-security prisoner too. nevertheless theyll plosive speech sound him, wont they? said Hermione earnestly. I mean, theyve got all the Muggles looking out for him too.Whats that noise? said Ron suddenly.A calorie-free, tinny sort of whistle was coming from somewhere. They looked all roughly the compartment.Its coming from your trunk, Harry, said Ron, standing up and reaching into the luggage rack. A moment later he had pulled the Pocket Sneakoscope out from between Harrys robes. It was spinning very fast in the palm of Rons hand and glowing brilliantly.Is that a Sneakoscope? said Hermione interestedly, standing up for a better look.Yeahmind you, its a very cheap one, Ron said. It went haywire just as I was ligature it to Errols leg to send it to Harry.Were you doing anything untrustworthy at the time? said Hermione shrewdly.No WellI wasnt inferd to be using Errol. You know hes not really up to long journeysbut how else was I betd to get Harrys present to him?Stick it back in the trunk, Ha rry advised as the Sneakoscope whistled piercingly, or itll wake him up.He nodded toward professor Lupin. Ron stuffed the Sneakoscope into a specially direful pair of Uncle Vernons old socks, which deadened the sound, then closed the lid of the trunk on it.We could get it checked in Hogsmeade, said Ron, sitting back down. They sell that sort of thing in Dervish and Banges, magical instruments and stuff. Fred and George told me.Do you know much about Hogsmeade? asked Hermione keenly. Ive read its the only entirely non-Muggle settlement in Britain Yeah, I think it is, said Ron in an offhand sort of way. but thats not why I want to go. I just want to get inside HoneydukesWhats that? said Hermione.Its this sweetshop, said Ron, a dreamy look coming over his face, where theyve got everythingPepper Imps &8212 they make you smoke at the mouth &8212 and great fat Chocoballs full of strawberry mousse and clotted cream, and really excellent sugar quills, which you can suck in class and just look like youre thinking what to write next?C merely Hogsmeades a very interesting place, isnt it? Hermione pressed on eagerly. In Sites of diachronic Sorcery it says the inn was the headquarters for the 1612 goblin rebellion, and the Shrieking Shacks supposed to be the most severely haunted building in Britain ?C and spacious sherbet balls that make you levitate a few inches off the understanding season youre sucking them, said Ron, who was plainly not listening to a word Hermione was saying.Hermione looked more or less at Harry.Wont it be nice to get out of shallow for a bit and explore Hogsmeade?Spect it will, said Harry heavily. Youll have to tell me when youve found out.What dyou mean? said Ron.I cant go. The Dursleys didnt sign my liberty form, and Fudge wouldnt all.Ron looked horrified.Youre not allowed to come? But &8212 no way &8212 McGonagall or someone will give you permission Harry gave a holler laugh. prof McGonagall, head of Gryffindor house, was very strict. ?C or we can ask Fred and George, they know every secret passage out of the castle Ron said Hermione sharply. I dont think Harry should be sneaking out of the school with Black on the loose Yeah, I expect thats what McGonagall will say when I ask of permission, said Harry bitterly.But if were with him, said Ron spiritedly to Hermione. Black wouldnt dare Oh, Ron, dont talk rubbish, snapped Hermione. Blacks already murdered a altogether bunch of people in the middle of a moveed street, do you really think hes going to worry about attacking Harry just because were there?She was fumbling with the straps of Crookshankss basket as she spoke.Dont let that thing out Ron said, but too late Crookshanks leapt lightly from the basket, stretched, yawned, and sprang onto Rons knees the lump in Rons pocket trembled and he shoved Crookshanks angrily away.Get out of itRon, dont said Hermione angrily.Ron was about to answer back when professor Lupin stirred. They watched him apprehensively, but he obviously turned his head the other way, mouth slightly open, and slept on.The Hogwarts Express locomote steadily north and the scenery outside the window became wilder and darker piece the clouds overhead thickened overhead. People were chasing disinclineds and forwards past the door of their compartment. Crookshanks had now settled in an empty seat, his squashed face turned towards Ron, his yellow eye on Rons top pocket.At one oclock the pluck witch with the food cart arrived at the compartment door.Dyou think we should wake him up? Ron asked awkwardly, nodding towards professor Lupin. He looks like he could do with some food.Hermione approached Professor Lupin cautiously.Er &8212 Professor? she said. Excuse me &8212 Professor?He didnt move.Dont worry, dear, said the witch, as she handed a large stack of cauldron ginmills. If hes hungry when he wakes, Ill be up front with the driver.I suppose he is asleep? said Ron quietly, as the witch slid the compartment door closed. I mean &8212 he hasnt authorised, has he?No, no, hes breathing, whispered Hermione, taking the cauldron cake Harry passed her.He might not be very good company, but Professor Lupins presence in their compartment had its uses. Mid-afternoon, just as it had started to rain, blurring the trilled hills outside the window, they heard footsteps outside in the corridor again, and their three least preferred people appeared at the door flying dragon Malfoy, flanked by his cronies, Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle.Draco Malfoy and Harry had been enemies ever since they had met on their very first journey to Hogwarts. Malfoy, who had a pale, pointed, haughty face, was in Slytherin house he played Seeker on the Slytherin Quidditch team, the alike position that Harry played on the Gryffindor team. Crabbe and Goyle seemed to exist to do Malfoys bidding. They were both wide and muscly Crabbe was taller, with a pudding-bowl haircut and a very thick neck Goyle had short, ill-natured hair and l ong, gorilla arms.Well, look who it is, said Malfoy in his usual unoccupied drawl, pulling open the compartment door. Potty and the Weasel.Crabbe and Goyle chuckled trollishly.I heard your father finally got his hands on some gold this summer, Weasley, said Malfoy. Did your mother die of dump?Ron stood up so quickly he belted ammunitioned Crookshankss basket to the floor. Professor Lupin gave a snort.Whos that? said Malfoy, taking an automatic step backward as he spotted Lupin.New teacher, said Harry, who got to his feet, too, in case he needed to hold Ron back. What were you saying, Malfoy?Malfoys pale eyes narrowed he wasnt fool enough to pick a fight right under a teachers nose.Cmon, he muttered resentfully to Crabbe and Goyle, and they disappeared.Harry and Ron sat down again, Ron massaging his knuckles.Im not going to take any crap from Malfoy this year, he said angrily. I mean it. If he makes one more crack about my family, Im going to get hold of his head and Ron made a vi olent motion in midair.Ron, hissed Hermione, pointing at Professor Lupin, be carefulBut Professor Lupin was still fast asleep.The rain thickened as the train sped yet farther north the windows were now a solid, shimmering gray, which gradually change until lanterns flickered into life all along the corridors and over the luggage racks. The train rattled, the rain hammered, the wind roared, but still, Professor Lupin slept.We must be well-nigh there, said Ron, leaning forward to look past Professor Lupin at the now completely black window.The words had hardly left(p) him when the train started to slow down.Great, said Ron, getting up and walking carefully past Professor Lupin to try and see outside. Im starving. I want to get to the feed inWe cant be there yet, said Hermione, checking her watch.So whyre we fish filet?The train was getting slower and slower. As the noise of the pistons fell away, the wind and rain sounded louder than ever against the windows.Harry, who was neares t the door, got up to look into the corridor. All along the carriage, heads were sticking curiously out of their compartments.The train came to a stop with a jolt, and distant thuds and bangs told them that luggage had fallen out of the racks. because, without warning, all the lamps went out and they were plunged into sum darkness.Whats going on? said Rons voice from behind Harry.Ouch gasped Hermione. Ron, that was my footHarry snarl his way back to his seat.Dyou think weve broken down?DunnoThere was a squeaking sound, and Harry precept the dim black enlist of Ron, wiping a patch clean on the window and peering out.Theres something moving out there, Ron said. I think people are coming aboardThe compartment door suddenly opened and someone fell painfully over Harrys legs.Sorry Dyou know whats going on? Ouch Sorry Hullo, Neville, said Harry, feeling around in the dark and pulling Neville up by his pretend.Harry? Is that you? Whats mishap?No idea Sit down There was a loud hissin g and a yelp of pain Neville had tried to sit on Crookshanks.Im going to go and ask the driver whats going on, came Hermiones voice. Harry mat her pass him, heard the door slide open again, and then a thud and two loud squeals of pain.Whos that?Whos that?Ginny?Hermione?What are you doing?I was looking for Ron fall out in and sit down Not here said Harry hurriedly. Im hereOuch said Neville.Quiet said a hoarse voice suddenly.Professor Lupin appeared to have woken up at last. Harry could hear movements in his corner.None of them spoke.There was a soft, crackling noise, and a wobbly light filled the compartment. Professor Lupin appeared to be holding a handful of flames. They illuminated his tired, gray face, but his eyes looked alert and wary. carry on where you are. he said in the same hoarse voice, and he got late to his feet with his handful of fire held out in front of him.But the door slid slowly open before Lupin could reach it.Standing in the doorway, illuminated by the shi vering flames in Lupins hand, was a cloaked formula that towered to the ceiling. Its face was completely hidden beneath its hood. Harrys eyes darted downward, and what he saw made his stomach contract. There was a hand protruding from the cloak and it was glistening, grayish, slimy-looking, and scabbed, like something dead that had decayed in water.But it was telescopic only for a split second. As though the wolf beneath the cloak sensed Harrys gaze, the hand was suddenly withdrawn into the folds of its black cloak.And then the thing beneath the hood, whatever it was, drew a long, slow, rattling breath, as though it were trying to suck something more than air from its surroundings.An intense refrigerated swept over them all. Harry felt his own breath catch in his chest. The cold went deeper than his skin. It was inside his chest, it was inside his very heartHarrys eyes rolled up into his head. He couldnt see. He was drowning in cold. There was a rushing in his ears as though of water. He was being dragged downward, the smack growing louderAnd then, from far away, he heard screaming, terrible, terrified, pleading screams. He wanted to help whoever it was, he tried to move his arms, but couldnta thick white fog was swirling around him, inside him &8212Harry Harry argon you all right?Someone was slapping his face.W-what?Harry opened his eyes there were lanterns above him, and the floor was shaking &8212 the Hogwarts Express was moving again and the lights had come back on. He seemed to have slid out of his seat onto the floor. Ron and Hermione were kneeling next to him, and above them he could see Neville and Professor Lupin watching. Harry felt very sick when he put up his hand to push his glasses back on, he felt cold sweat on his face.Ron and Hermione heaved him back onto his seat.Are you okay? Ron asked nervously.Yeah, said Harry, looking quickly toward the door. The hooded creature had vanished. What happened? Wheres that &8212 that thing? Who screame d?No one screamed, said Ron, more nervously still.Harry looked around the bright compartment. Ginny and Neville looked back at him, both very pale.But I heard screaming A loud snap made them all jump. Professor Lupin was breaking an enormous slab of chocolate into pieces.Here, he said to Harry, handing him a particularly large piece. Eat it. Itll help.Harry took the chocolate but didnt eat it.What was that thing? he asked Lupin.A Dementor, said Lupin, who was now giving chocolate to everyone else. One of the Dementors of Azkaban.Everyone stared at him. Professor Lupin out to(p) up the empty chocolate wrapper and put it in his pocket.Eat, he repeated. Itll help. I need to speak to the driver, excuse meHe strolled past Harry and disappeared into the corridor.Are you sure youre okay, Harry? said Hermione, watching Harry anxiously.I dont get it what happened? said Harry, wiping more sweat off his face.Well &8212 that thing &8212 the Dementor &8212 stood there and looked around (I mean , I think it did, I couldnt see its face) &8212 and you &8212 you I thought you were having a fit or something, said Ron, who still looked scared. You went sort of rigid and fell out of your seat and started twitching And Professor Lupin stepped over you, and walked toward the Dementor, and pulled out his wand, said Hermione, and he said, None of us is cover Sirius Black under our cloaks. Go. But the Dementor didnt move, so Lupin muttered something, and a argent thing shot out of his wand at it, and it turned around and sort of glided awayIt was horrible, said Neville, in a higher voice than usual. Did you feel how cold it got when it came in?I felt weird, said Ron, faulting his shoulders uncomfortably. Like Id never be cheerful againGinny, who was huddled in her corner looking nearly as bad as Harry felt, gave a small sob Hermione went over and put a solid arm around her.But didnt any of you &8212 fall off your seats? said Harry awkwardly.No, said Ron, looking anxiously at Harr y again. Ginny was shaking like mad, thoughHarry didnt understand. He felt shadowy and shivery, as though he were recovering from a bad bout of flu he also felt the beginnings of shame. Why had he gone to pieces like that, when no one else had?Professor Lupin had come back. He paused as he entered, looked around, and said, with a small smile, I havent poisoned that chocolate, you knowHarry took a bite and to his great surprise felt warmth dissipate suddenly to the tips of his fingers and toes.Well be at Hogwarts in ten minutes, said Professor Lupin. Are you all right, Harry?Harry didnt ask how Professor Lupin knew his name.Fine, he muttered, embarrassed.They didnt talk much during the remainder of the journey. At long last, the train stopped at Hogsmeade station, and there was a great scramble to get outside owls hooted, cats meowed, and Nevilles pet toad croaked loudly from under his hat. It was freezing on the tiny platform rain was driving down in glacial sheets.Firs years th is way called a familiar voice. Harry, Ron, and Hermione turned and saw the huge outline of Hagrid at the other end of the platform, beckoning the terrified-looking new students forward for their conventional journey across the lake.All right, you three? Hagrid yelled over the heads of the crowd. They waved at him, but had no chance to speak to him because the mass of people around them was shunting them away along the platform. Harry, Ron, and Hermione followed the rest of the school along the platform and out onto a rough mud track, where at least a hundred stagecoaches awaited the be students, each pulled, Harry could only assume, by an ultraviolet horse, because when they climbed inside and shut the door, the coach set off all by itself, bumping and swaying in procession.The coach smelled faintly of mold and straw. Harry felt better since the chocolate, but still weak. Ron and Hermione kept looking at him sideways, as though frightened he might collapse again.As the carriage trundled toward a pair of magnificent wrought iron gates, flanked with stone columns topped with move boars, Harry saw two more towering, hooded Dementors, standing guard on either side. A wave of cold sickness threatened to engulf him again he leaned back into the lumpy seat and closed his eyes until they had passed the gates. The carriage picked up speed on the long, sloping drive up to the castle Hermione was leaning out of the tiny window, watching the many turrets and towers draw nearer. At last, the carriage swayed to a halt, and Hermione and Ron got out.As Harry stepped down, a drawling, blithe voice sounded in his ear.You fainted, Potter? Is Longbottorn telling the truth? You actually fainted?Malfoy elbowed past Hermione to block Harrys way up the stone steps to the castle, his face elated and his pale eyes glinting maliciously.Shove off, Malfoy, said Ron, whose jaw was clenched.Did you faint as well, Weasley? said Malfoy loudly. Did the scary old Dementor frighten you t oo, Weasley?Is there a problem? said a mild voice. Professor Lupin had just gotten out of the next carriage.Malfoy gave Professor Lupin an insolent stare, which took in the patches on his robes and the dilapidated suitcase. With a tiny hint of sarcasm in his voice, he said, Oh, no &8212 er &8212 Professor, then he smirked at Crabbe and Goyle and led them up the steps into the castle.Hermione prodded Ron in the back to make him hurry, and the three of them joined the crowd swarming up the steps, through the giant oak front doors, into the cavernous arrest Hall, which was lit with flaming torches, and housed a magnificent marble staircase that led to the upper floors.The door into the Great Hall stood open at the right Harry followed the crowd toward it, but had barely glimpsed the enchanted ceiling, which was black and turbid tonight, when a voice called, Potter Granger I want to see you bothHarry and Hermione turned around, surprised. Professor McGonagall, Transfiguration teacher and head of Gryffindor accommodate, was calling over the heads of the crowd. She was a stern looking witch who wore her hair in a tight bun her sharp eyes were border with square spectacles. Harry fought his way over to her with a feeling of forethought Professor McGonagall had a way of making him feel he must have done something wrong.Theres no need to look so dysphoric &8212 I just want a word in my office, she told them. go along there, Weasley.Ron stared as Professor McGonagall ushered Harry and Hermione away from the chattering crowd they accompanied her across the entrance hall, up the marble staircase, and along a corridor.Once they were in her office, a small room with a large, accept fire, Professor McGonagall motioned Harry and Hermione to sit down. She settled herself behind her desk and said abruptly, Professor Lupin sent an owl ahead to say that you were taken ill on the train, Potter.Before Harry could reply, there was a soft knock on the door and skirt Pomfrey , the nurse, came bustling in.Harry felt himself going red in the face. It was bad enough that hed passed out, or whatever he had done, without everyone making all this fuss.Im fine, he said, I dont need anything Oh, its you, is it? said Madam Pomfrey, ignoring this and bending down to stare closely at him. I suppose youve been doing something dangerous again?It was a Dementor, Poppy, said Professor McGonagall.They exchanged a dark look, and Madam Pomfrey clucked disapprovingly.Setting Dementors around a school, she muttered, pushing back Harrys hair and feeling his forehead. He wont be the last one who collapses. Yes, hes all clammy. Terrible things, they are, and the effect they have on people who are already delicate Im not delicate said Harry crossly.Of course youre not, said Madam Pomfrey absentmindedly, now taking his pulse.What does he need? said Professor McGonagall crisply. Bed rest? Should he perhaps spend tonight in the infirmary wing?Im fine said Harry, jumping up. The t hought of what Draco Malfoy would say if he had to go to the hospital wing was torture.Well, he should have some chocolate, at the very least, said Madam Pomfrey, who was now trying to peer into Harrys eyes.Ive already had some, said Harry. Professor Lupin gave me some. He gave it to all of us.Did he, now? said Madam Pomfrey approvingly. So weve finally got a Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher who knows his remedies?Are you sure you feel all right, Potter? Professor McGonagall said sharply.Yes, said Harry.Very well. Kindly wait outside while I have a quick word with Miss Granger about her course schedule, then we can go down to the feast together.Harry went back into the corridor with Madam Pomfrey, who left for the hospital wing, muttering to herself. He had to wait only a few minutes then Hermione emerged looking very happy about something, followed by Professor McGonagall, and the three of them made their way back down the marble staircase to the Great Hall.It was a sea of poi nted black hats each of the long House tables was lined with students, their faces glimmering by the light of thousands of candles, which were floating over the tables in midair. Professor Flitwick, who was a tiny little wizard with a shock of white hair, was carrying an ancient hat and a three-legged stool out of the hall.Oh, said Hermione softly, weve missed the SortingNew students at Hogwarts were sorted into Houses by trying on the Sorting Hat, which shouted out the House they were outflank suited to (Gryffindor, Ravenclaw, Hufflepuff, or Slytherin). Professor McGonagall strode off toward her empty seat at the staff table, and Harry and Hermione set off in the other direction, as quietly as possible, toward the Gryffindor table. People looked around at them as they passed along the back of the hall, and a few of them pointed at Harry. Had the story of his collapsing in front of the Dementor traveled that fast?He and Hermione sat down on either side of Ron, who had saved them se ats.What was all that about? he muttered to Harry.Harry started to explain in a whisper, but at that moment the headmaster stood up to speak, and he broke off.Professor Dumbledore, though very old, always gave an public opinion of great energy. He had several feet of long silver hair and beard, half-moon spectacles, and an extremely crooked nose. He was often described as the greatest wizard of the age, but that wasnt why Harry respected him. You couldnt help swear Albus Dumbledore, and as Harry watched him beaming around at the students, he felt really calm for the first time since the Dementor had entered the train compartment.Welcome said Dumbledore, the candlelight shimmering on his beard. Welcome to another year at Hogwarts I have a few things to say to you all, and as one of them is very serious, I think it best to get it out of the way before you become befuddled by our excellent feastDumbledore cleared his pharynx and continued, As you will all be aware after their purs uit of the Hogwarts Express, our school is presently playing host to some of the Dementors of Azkaban, who are here on Ministry of Magic business.He paused, and Harry remembered what Mr. Weasley had said about Dumbledore not being happy with the Dementors guarding the school.They are stationed at every entrance to the grounds, Dumbledore continued, and while they are with us, I must make it plain that nobody is to give up school without permission. Dementors are not to be fooled by tricks or disguises &8212 or even Invisibility Cloaks, he added blandly, and Harry and Ron glanced at each other. It is not in the nature of a Dementor to understand pleading or excuses. I therefore warn each and every one of you to give them no reason to harm you. I look to the prefects, and our new Head boy and Girl, to make sure that no student runs afoul of the Dementors, he said.Percy, who was sitting a few seats down from Harry, puffed out his chest again and stared around impressively. Dumbledore paused again he looked very seriously around the hall, and nobody moved or made a sound.On a happier note, he continued, I am pleased to welcome two new teachers to our ranks this year.First, Professor Lupin, who has kindly consented to fill the post of Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher.There was some scattered, rather unenthusiastic applause. Only those who had been in the compartment on the train with Professor Lupin clapped hard, Harry among them. Professor Lupin looked particularly shabby next to all the other teachers in their best robes. meet at Snape Ron hissed in Harrys ear.Professor Snape, the Potions master, was consummate(a) along the staff table at Professor Lupin. It was common knowledge that Snape wanted the Defense Against the Dark Arts job, but even Harry, who hated Snape, was startled at the looking twisting his thin, sallow face. it was beyond anger it was loathing. Harry knew that expression only too well it was the look Snape wore every time he set eyes on Harry.As to our second new appointment, Dumbledore continued as the lukewarm applause for Professor Lupin died away. Well, I am dark-skinned to tell you that Professor Kettleburn, our Care of Magical Creatures teacher, retired at the end of last year in order to enjoy more time with his remaining limbs. However, I am delighted to say that his place will be filled by none other than Rubeus Hagrid, who has agreed to take on this teaching job in addition to his gamekeeping duties.Harry, Ron, and Hermione stared at one another, stunned. Then they joined in with the applause, which was tumultuous at the Gryffindor table in particular. Harry leaned forward to see Hagrid, who was ruby red in the face and staring down at his enormous hands, his wide grin hidden in the tangle of his black beard.We shouldve known Ron roared, pounding the table. Who else would have assigned us a biting book?Harry, Ron, and Hermione were the last to stop clapping, and as Professor Dumbledore started speaking again, they saw that Hagrid was wiping his eyes on the tablecloth.Well, I think thats everything of importance, said Dumbledore. Let the feast beginThe golden plates and goblets before them filled suddenly with food and drink. Harry, suddenly ravenous, helped himself to everything he could reach and began to eat.It was a delicious feast the hall echoed with talk, laughter, and the clatter of knives and forks. Harry, Ron, and Hermione, however, were eager for it to finish so that they could talk to Hagrid. They knew how much being made a teacher would mean to him. Hagrid wasnt a fully qualified wizard he had been expelled from Hogwarts in his third year for a crime he had not committed. It had been Harry, Ron, and Hermione who had cleared Hagrids name last year.At long last, when the last morsels of pumpkin tart had melted from the golden platters, Dumbledore gave the word that it was time for them all to go to bed, and they got their chance.Congratulations, Hagrid Hermione squealed as they reached the teachers table.All down ter you three, said Hagrid, wiping his shining face on his napkin as he looked up at them. Can believe itgreat man, Dumbledorecame straight down to me hut after Professor Kettleburn said hed had enoughIts what I always wanted scale with emotion, he buried his face in his napkin, and Professor McGonagall shooed them away.Harry, Ron, and Hermione joined the Gryffindors drift up the marble staircase and, very tired now, along more corridors, up more and more stairs, to the hidden entrance to Gryffindor Tower, where a large portrait of a fat lady in a pink dress asked them, Password?Coming through, coming through Percy called from behind the crowd. The new passwords Fortuna MajorOh no, said Neville Longbottom sadly. He always had trouble remembering the passwords. done the portrait hole and across the common room, the girls and boys divided toward their separate staircases. Harry climbed the spiral stair with no thought in his head except how glad he was to be back. They reached their familiar, circular dormitory with its five four-poster beds, and Harry, looking around, felt he was home at last.