Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, King of the Franks :: Medieval Europe European History

Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, King of the FranksCharlemagne, or Charles the Great, King of the Franks (742-814), was a strongleader who unified westbound Europe through military berth and the blessing of theChurch. His belief in the need for education among the Frankish the great unwashed was tobring about religious, political, and educational reforms that would wobble thehistory of Europe.Charlemagne was born in 742 at Aachen, the son of Pepin(or Pippin) the Short andgrandson of Charles Martel. His grandfather, Charles, had begun the process ofunifying western Europe, in the belief that all people should be Christian.Charlemagnes father, Pepin, act this process throughout his rule andpassed his beliefs on to Charlemagne. All three, in addition to the politicalunification, believed that the church should be reformed and reorganized underthe Pope, which helped their rise to power as the Carolingian Dynasty. (Holmes74)Upon Pepins death in 768, Charlemagne and his brother, Carl oman, each inheritedhalf of the Frankish kingdom. Pepin, in the Merovingian tradition of the time,split his kingdom between his 2 sons. Three years later Carloman died andCharlemagne took control of the entire kingdom. He inherited great wealth and apowerful army, built by his father and grandfather. Charlemagne employ the armyand his own skillful planning to more than double the size of the FrankishKingdom. (Halsall 15)The world of Charlemagne was a heathen one, with many another(prenominal) warring tribes or kingdoms. umteen of these tribes were conquered by Charlemagne, among them the Aquitanians,the Lombards, the Saxons, the Bretons, the Bavarians, the Huns, and the Danes.The longest of these battles was against the Saxons, lasting thirty-three years.Charlemagne actually defeated them many times, but due to their faithlessnessand their propensity to return to their pagan lifestyle, the Saxons lost manylives in the prolonged battles with the Franks. With each conquest the Fran kishkingdom grew, and with growth came additional power and responsibility forCharlemagne. In each area of Europe that was taken over by Charlemagne, heremoved the leaders if they would not convert to Christianity and appointed newones, usually someone with high position in the Church. Those people whorefused to convert or be baptized in the church were put to death. (Holmes 75)The Church played a vital role in the kingdom of Charlemagne. It gave a senseof stability to Charlemagnes rule, and he in turn provided stability in theChurch. The people conquered by Charlemagne, after being converted toChristianity, were taught through the Bible a unified code of right and wrong.It was necessary for the Church to play a role in this education of the people,

Internet Inventions :: essays research papers

Internet InventionsSeveral inventions accommodate changed the way plenty communicate with separately other.From the old fashioned telegraph to todays modern electronic forms ofcommunicating, people have beencreating easier ways to correspond. Electroniccommunication, such as e-mail and other internet offerings, have created acheap and incredibly fast communications system which is gaining steadypopularity. email is basically information, usually in letter form,addressed to adestination on the internet. The internet is aninternational web ofinterconnected networks--in essence, anetwork of networks these consist ofgovernment, education, and business networks. Softw ar on these networksbetween the source and destination networks "read" the addresses on packets andforward them toward their destinations. E-mail is a very fast and efficientway of sending information to any internet location. Once an e-mail is sent, itarrives at its destination almost instantly. This provides p eople with a wayto communicate with people anywhere in the world quickly without the costs ofother forms of communicating such as telephone calls or postage for letters.The savings to be gained from e-mail were enough of an inducement for manybusinesses to invest heavily in equipment and network connections in the early1990s. The employees of a bountiful corporation may send hundreds of thousands ofpieces of E-mail over the Internet every month, thereby cutting back on postaland telephone costs. It is not eccentric to find internet providers from twentyto thirty dollars a month for unlimited access to internet features. Manyonline serve such as America Online and prodigy offer e-mail software andinternet connections which work in an almost identical way, however, the costis more expensive.The World Wide Web (WWW) and USENET Newsgroups are amongother internet offeringswhich have changed the way people communicate with each other. The WWW can becompared to a electronic bulletin boa rd where information consisting ofanything can be posted. One can create visual pages consisting of text andgraphics which obtain viewable to anyone with WWW access. Anything fromadvertisements to providing people with information and services can be foundon the WWW. File transfers between networks can also be accomplished on the WWWthough Gopher and FTP (File Transfer Protocol) sites. Newsgroups are verysimilar, but run in a different way. Newsgroups basically create a forum wherepeople can talk about a vast array of subjects. There are thousands of newsgroupsavailable. Once one finds a subject that interests them, they may post noteswhich are visible to anyone visiting that special(prenominal) newsgroup, and others mayrespond to such notes. Again, this can be advertising, information, or, morecommonly, gossip.Though the internet can be a convenient way of communication, it can become

An Assortment of Memories, a Myriad of Histories Essay -- U.S. History

American society has tradition totallyy been referred to as a melting pot, welcoming people of all races, religions, and heritages to enjoy the freedom that only America could provide. That was not always the case, as incidents such as the internment of Japanese Americans at Manzanar and the Lewis and Clark journey along the capital of South Carolina River exhibited American racial intolerance and demonstrated the inherent racism of the Manifest Destinyan ideal upon which this nation was founded. Today, government agencies such as the National greens attend (NPS) aim to repair the United States negative reputation by creating national historic sites, which serve as either a celebration of American history or an apologetic reminder of events that can never happen again. In regards to these sites, the NPS sees its role as a powerful shaper of historical images and messages, undecided of determining, creating, and memorializing history for all Americans (Hayashi 53). I argue that the single shared history for all Americans that this statement suggests cannot exist. These American historical sitesmanifestations of the history the National Park service aims to expresspresent false equations of indigenous and immigrant experience in this country, representing versions of history and heritage that are not equivalent in past temporal shell and present cultural consequence. The erection of two historical sitesCalifornias Manzanar and the Confluence Project along the Columbia Riverexemplify the false equation of immigrant, indigenous, and settler experience in the United States. Upon analysis of these sites, we will see that the history portrayed there cannot be called a shared history because of the truly sick way in which history is actually ... ...that makes up the American melting pot.BibliographyConfluence ProjectThe Confluence Project. Last Modified 2012. Confluence Project trip BookThe Confluence Project Journey Book. Last Modified 2009. Daehnke, John2012 The Confluence Project (lecture notes). Stanford IHUM 40B Class, May 1.Hayashi, Robert T.2003 Transfigured Patterns Contesting Memories at the Manzanar National Historic Site. In The human beings Historian 25(4). Pp. 51-71. Berkeley Regents of the University of California and the National Council on Public History.National Park ServiceLewis and Clark National Historical Park. Last Modified April 23, 2012. .National Park Service Manzanar. Last Modified April 4, 2012. .

Stereotyping in Society :: essays research papers

Stereotyping in Society     I think it is pretty hard to go through a week without experiencing at to the lowest degree two or three incidents where nearone or a group of people is existence sterotyped. Whether it comes from jokes, television, comics, or just hearing people talk about other people, stereotyping is around all the time.     The first example of stereotyping that I witnessed comes from the television show "That 70s Show." At least every episode the "crew," or group of friends always hang out, and they have a foreign exchange student for a friend. They dont know what country hes from scarcely they always make fun of foreigners on the show. They crack jokes about him floating over on a raft to the United States and always make references to him being from different countries that hes not from just because his skin is dark. The jokes argon funny and they arent supposed to hurt the citations feelings, but they ar e very stereotypical.     I saw a mercantile the other day that was an advertisement for using protection during sex to help the fight against the spread of AIDS. The commercial starts out talking about how African Americans name the leaders of sports because they have the best basketball players, leaders in baseball, and have the fastest track runners. Then at the end of the commercial they say that they are also leading the population of the United States in being diagnosed with the AIDS virus.      When I saw the commercial I didnt really know where it was going and it is life-threatening that it ended with a serious message, but I didnt really agree with the way they presented it. It is probably true that African Americans make up most of some sports, but they didnt have to make it sounds like African Americans are superior to white people when it comes to sports.     The third example that I witnessed was from the s how Seinfeld. It was the episode where the character Elaine met a new boyfriend and she didnt know what race he was. The guy was slightly dark complected and a different race than white was expected so Elaine kept on taking him to different restaurants trying to figure out what race he was.

Vico, Giovanni Battista :: essays research papers fc

Vico, Giovanni Battista See also Philosophy Biographies (jovnne bt-test veko), 1668-1744, Italian philosopher and historian, also known as Giambattista Vico, b. Naples. In 1699, Vico became professor of rhetoric at the Univ. of Naples, and in 1734 he was appointed historiographer to the king of Naples. Vico is regarded by many as the first modern historian he was the first to formulate a systematic method of historical research, and he developed a theory of account that was far in advance of his times. For Vico, history is the account of the birth and development of human societies and their institutions. He thus departed from previous systems of writing historyeither as the biographies of commodious men, or as the development of Gods will. Opposing the antihistorical elements of the prevailing Cartesianism (see Descartes, Ren ), he asserted that history is a valid object of human knowledge because man himself created history. Vico urged the field of force of language, mythology, and tradition as techniques for the investigation of history. As a philosopher, Vico believed that every period in history had a distinct character, and that similar periods recur throughout history in the same order. He departed from the old cyclical theories of history, however, in asserting that these periods do not recur in exactly the same form, moreover are subject to the modifications that new circumstances and developments impose. Thus the historian can never be a prophet. Vico also wrote on law, affirming an innate human reek of justice and natural law. Vicos major theories were developed in his New Science(1725), which he revised completely (1730 1744). Vicos work was little known in his own time, and his splendour was not recognized until the 19th cent. Bibliography See his autobiography (tr. by M. H. Finch and T. G. Bergin, 1944) G.

Vico, Giovanni Battista :: essays research papers fc

Vico, Giovanni Battista observe also Philosophy Biographies (jovnne bt-test veko), 1668-1744, Italian philosopher and historian, also known as Giambattista Vico, b. Naples. In 1699, Vico became professor of rhetoric at the Univ. of Naples, and in 1734 he was appointed historiographer to the king of Naples. Vico is regarded by many as the first modern historian he was the first to formulate a systematic method of historical research, and he genuine a theory of news report that was far in advance of his times. For Vico, history is the account of the birth and development of human societies and their institutions. He thus bypast from previous systems of writing historyeither as the biographies of great men, or as the development of Gods will. debate the antihistorical elements of the prevailing Cartesianism (see Descartes, Ren ), he asserted that history is a valid object of human knowledge because man himself created history. Vico urged the study of language, mythology, and tradi tion as techniques for the investigation of history. As a philosopher, Vico believed that every period in history had a distinct character, and that similar periods recur throughout history in the same order. He departed from the old cyclical theories of history, however, in asserting that these periods do not recur in exactly the same form, but are subject to the modifications that new destiny and developments impose. Thus the historian can never be a prophet. Vico also wrote on law, affirming an innate human sense of justice and natural law. Vicos major theories were developed in his New Science(1725), which he revised completely (1730 1744). Vicos work was little known in his own time, and his importance was not recognized until the 19th cent. Bibliography See his autobiography (tr. by M. H. Finch and T. G. Bergin, 1944) G.

Baranagy information syste

Municipal Government of Talker is an educational institution that operates on a semesters basis. E actually semester, students have to deem midterm and final examinations along with quizzes, assignments, term papers and other academic performances. Teachers leave compute and submit grade reports of students for release. In this regard, most students atomic number 18 very eager to see their grades for some reasons. However, students are encountering problems regarding the alonet of the releasing of their grades.The shortly available facilities In the university Include the certification of grade report emolument impartd by the NEST-MGM Registrar. Since there is only one employee who does the whole task, students pass on be given a specific date or time of the release of their grades that is why students pass on not be able to get their grades immediately. With all these concerns about the existing facilities, the proponents decided to develop an automated grade proof easte rn This study will focus on designing and developing an Automated Grade Verification System (AGAVES) which wants to enhance the process and flow of the old arrangement.Background of the Study The development of the corpse changed the way society accesses and processes information. It is ac do itledge that automated system can update and monitor information much easier compared to the manual system. The Registrar as well as the students of NEST-MGM wants to upgrade their manual system Into automated system. The Registrar spends a lot of time In storing, retrieving and updating students grades. For these reasons, It Is hard for the students to their grades released immediately. As far as wish in automated system is concerned and in order for the NEST-MGM,Talker Campus to be part of todays increasingly fast-paced world, this study entitled automated grade deterrent system (AGAVES) was conducted. The automated grade verification system will make keeping and updating of information f aster and more convenient by storing turn on of the NEST-MGM students in a computer system. The main function of the system is to enhance the process and flow of the old system that will allow students to verify their grades Information. This will also lessen the effort of the Registrar in processing and storing files of each student.The information in a computerized system can be viewed in a faster way without worrying of data loss. Basically, the researchers want to help the school management as well as the students In solving their problems regarding the long process of releasing grades. The researchers attempt to design and develop a grade verification system which wants to enhance the process and flow of the old system. Statement of the Problem The currently available facilities In the university Include the certification of grade report service provided by the university registrar.The Registrar does the manual tiring, retrieving and updating of students grades of Nava Echo Un iversity of 1 OFF employee who does the entire task, students will be given a specific date or time of release of their grades that is why students will not be able to know their grades immediately. The long process of inquiry of grades is inconvenient, tiresome and at some instances time consuming and costly. Specifically, it sought to answer the sideline questions 1. What are the requirements of the NEST-MGM Registrar that shall be include in the development of the system? 2.What are the steps to provide students better says of verifying their grades? Objectives of the Study This study will mainly focus on progressive system that will enable students to inquire about their grades through the use of an Automated Grade Verification System. Moreover, the proponents have the following objectives to accomplish 1 . To remove or lessen the time consumed in the manual procedure. 2. To improve grade verification system of NEST-MGM such as certification of grades. 3. To keep all students data, secured and in proper storage for future references. 4. To evaluate the system based on the following criteria a. Accuracy b.Reliability . Efficiency d. Security e. Usability f. Maintainability g. Responsiveness Significance of the Study almost of the time, the students need their grades and the Registrar cannot assure them that they can release it in a short period of time so the students have no choice but to wait until it is done. Through the proposed system, it intends to perform the following operations study and develop the manual operation by the office of the registrar find out what are the circumstances causing the delay of the releasing of grades minimize the time consumed in searching for the grades of the students in he filling and retrieval of data.The automated grade verification system shall be done by simply typing the ID number of the student that will automatically generate the grade information needed. It can provide an instant report of the grades of the students. It is only intended for the students of Nava Acacia University of Science and Technology- Municipal Government of Talker and the system covers only the information about the students subject enrolled and their grades. It has a password protection for the security of the system.Security will also be revived using a procedure that will require users to provide access identification beforehand they can work around the premises of the system. Only the administration can add, edit, search, and view existing files. The purpose of the study may bring significance to the following For the university, the proposed system can earn them good image because it will bring innovative alternative for the students. For the students, the proposed system will provide a convenient, easy-to-use and accessible service that will allow them to verify their grade information.For future researchers, computerized grade inquiry. For the researchers of this study, the researchers being the main part icipants, will gain knowledge and experience to improve their skills in programming, system analysis and design. Scope and Limitation The proposed study deals with the development of automated grade verification system (AGAVES) for the students of NEST-MGM, Talker Campus, Talker, Innovative. The system includes the electronic filing, saving, searching and updating of NEST-MGM students records. These features are expected to make verifying of grades easier without using touchstones device.

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Martin Luther King, jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of clergy adult male. He graduated from Morehouse College, in Atlanta, in 1948, and received a Ph.D. in theology from Boston University in 1955. After being ordained a Baptist minister in 1947, Martin was named assistant pastor of his fathers church, Ebenezer Baptist Church in Montgomery. In 1960 he became co-pastor of his fathers church, a post he held until his death. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee, where he had gone to support contact sanitation workers. James Earl Ray was convicted of his murder.1The intents of this paper are to (1) find out why Martin Luther king was distinct from former(a) black attractions (2) know of his particular proposition works and his literature (3) be aware of the conspiracy of his death.II. BackgroundA. Why Martin Luther King Jr. was distinct from other black leaders?We have intentional that King was very popular due to its noble works that he had done to ev ery race. He was the only leader that received numerous awards up to now before and after his death. Aside from the award he won in the Nobel dinero, he received a nonher award from a prestige group of Jewish American in 1965.One year after, the Margaret Sanger Award was presented to King, Jr. by the Planned Parenthood Federation of America for his spirited and dauntless resistance to racial discrimination and his deceaseuring devotion and commitment for his principle of having a an equality among races. Not like with other black American leaders, King, Jr. also received the chairwoman Medal of Freedom in 1977 after his death.2 And in the 20th century, Martin Luther King, Jr. is regarded as the second most appreciated person.Moreover, aside from the awards he received, he helped grey Christian Leadership Conference to be found and eventually, he was hailed as head of the organization. The aims and grounds of this organization were based on Christianity and its operational strat egies were from Gandhi. During his service, he was open to travel over six million miles and spoke for about twenty-five hundred times.3 Throughout his leadership, he headed a huge demonstration and rally in Birmingham, Alabama that took notice world widely which provided of what he called a coalition of conscienceIII. DiscussionA. King as a leaderMartin Luther King, Jr. was a United States clergyman and civil rights leader. King became the nations most prominent spokesman for equal justice for black Americans. He was a charismatic leader and an eloquent speaker, who preached nonviolent resistance to unjust laws and practices, a tactic he adopted from Indian leader Mohandas K. Gandhi. His civil rights efforts helped to bring about passage of the well-mannered Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.He was awarded the Nobel Peace prize in 1964.4 In 1983, the U.S. Congress voted to make his birthday, January 15, a national holiday (celebrated on the one-third Monday of the month). In addition, his books and literature that were written include Stride toward Freedom (1958) Measure of a Man (1059) Strength to love (1963) Why We Cant endure (1964) and The Trumpets of Conscience (1968).5King began his involvement in the modern civil rights movement in 1955 with leadership of the Montgomery (Alabama) bus boycott, which ended segregated seating area on that citys public buses. He then urged black Americans to follow the Montgomery example and win their rights through non-violent protest.As head of the Confederate Christian Leadership Conference, which he helped to found in 1957, Martin Luther King, Jr. led demonstrations, marches, sit-ins, and boycotts in many cities in both the South and the North, often meeting dislike and sometimes violence.6 He was jailed several times in the South for his activities. In 1967, he also became a leader of the peace movement, seeking an end to the Vietnamese War.B. Its AllegationsSeveral suspected that there was a conspiracy during the death of Martin Luther King, Jr. Furthermore, the said eyewitnesses who surrounded King, Jr. during his assassination stated that the shot came from antithetic locations and it came from thick shrubbery nearly close to the rooming house and did not exactly come there. James Earl Ray was suspected as the assassin and was put into trial.On the other hand, Dexter King- son of Martin Luther King- was able to meet Ray and showed support publicly on Rays efforts to have a trial during 1997.7 Two years later, Martin Luther Kings wife, Coreatta Scott King, and along with the extremity of her family received an erroneous trial against Loyd Jowers and to the unidentified accomplices. Three years after (2000), the Department of Justice had its investigation on Jowers claims but it failed to look for evidence in order to support the allegations.8IV. ConclusionThe life of Martin Luther King, Jr. was truly a blessing for every black American who experienced equality and b iases from the superior race. This man leaves a very notable reputation and honors that none of the black Americans can compare with his notable record as a man who brought changed in Americas society. Martin Luther King, Jr. has truly contributed to the history of United States of America.His upright deeds will not be forgotten for every individual especially for those who experienced racism. He was a type of a leader that was able to lead a mass writhe for racial equality that doomed separation and brought changed to the United States of America. His assassination was not the end of the black people society to keep fighting for their rights but it was only the beginning that motivated their hearts to continue fighting for its principles and rights.ReferencesHaskins, James (2004). The career and Death of Martin Luther King, Jr. (Lothrop, lee(prenominal) & Shephard, 2000). Lincoln, C.E. (2002). Martin Luther King, Jr. A Profile (Hill & Wang, 1996). Oates, S.B. (1999). Let the Trum pet vocalize the Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. (Harper & Row, 1992). Richardson, Nigel (2003). Martin Luther King (David & Charles, 1997). Martin Luther King The Nobel Peace Prize 1964. Nobelprize.org, copyright Nobel Web AB 2006. http//nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king- bio.html1 Richardson, Nigel (2003). Martin Luther King (David & Charles, 1997). 2 Martin Luther King The Nobel Peace Prize 1964. Nobelprize.org, copyright Nobel Web AB 2006. http//nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king- bio.html 3 Oates, S.B. (1999). Let the Trumpet Sound the Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. (Harper & Row, 1992). 4 Lincoln, C.E. (2002). Martin Luther King, Jr. A Profile (Hill & Wang, 1996). 5 Oates, S.B. (1999). Let the Trumpet Sound the Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. (Harper & Row, 1992). 6 Ibid 7 Haskins, James (2004). The Life and Death of Martin Luther King, Jr. (Lothrop, Lee & Shephard, 2000). 8 Oates, S.B. (1999). Let the Trumpet Sound the Life of Ma rtin Luther King, Jr. (Harper & Row, 1992).

Encountering Conflict

My main intention is to persuade the audience on the topic that those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it and to pass socio-economic class 12. The violent encounters of the past contain valuable lessons ab surface resolving conflict. This writing is to be directed at the people reading it, which will be the frequent audience that doesnt really understand the lessons of past and present conflict. Based on real world examples, and examples from the crucible. The style of writing is an expository. Conflict can direct out the best and worst qualities in individuals, and also in communities. Arthur Miller explores this in his play The Crucible.When trancecraft is declared in Salem, the reactions of the members of this strictly Puritan alliance differ greatly. Some see the events that take place as a chance for opportunism, a way to garner personal support, an opportunity to play out personal vengeance and also an occasion to strut ones ability and knowledge. These c haracters, just as Miller intends, alienate the audience because of their self-interest and celerity to allow devotion to overwhelm any genuine desire to find out the truth. The audience grieves for the suffering of the truly good characters Rebecca Nurse, Giles Corey and Elizabeth Proctor.John Proctor, the flawed fighter of the play, may have succumbed to the temptations of the flesh with Abigail Williams, however he redeems himself in the end, realizing that saving himself through lying will not resolve the conflict overwhelming his undersize town of Salem. He goes to his death knowing that there is some shred of goodness in John Proctor. The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings before county court trials to prosecute people accused of witchcraft in the counties of Essex, Suffolk, and Middlesex in colonial Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693.The best-known trials were conducted by the Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692 in Salem Town. Over 150 people we re arrested and imprisoned, with even more accused but not formally pursued by the authorities. All twenty-six who went to trial before this court were convicted. Abigail Williams epitomizes self-interest and lack of concern for others in the play. Her manipulative scheming makes the audience wonder how much she enjoys being the Centre of aid and the wielder of such power in the court. It is difficult to feel sympathy for the loss of her parents or to consider her responses a result of fear of being found out.The fear she generates in others is so powerful. Abigail is willing to place the blame on Tituba, rather than tell the truth. She knows that John Proctor can see through her but ab initio holds power over him because of their adulterous relationship. Abigail is also angry at Elizabeth Proctor for dismissing her from service and has been unable to gain another position. She has much to gain by crying witchcraft. Her manipulation of Mary Warrens fear in court is abhorrent. The audiences have seen Proctor make Mary Warren quiver in fear, but we sympathize with his reason to save his wife. Abigails reasons are purely selfish.You think after dealing with all past conflict based on the witch hunt from the crucible it wouldnt lead to future conflict when it came to accusations about what people are or, what they are doing, this was known as McCarthyism. During the McCarthy era, thousands of Americans were accused of being Communists or communist sympathizers and became the subject of aggressive investigations and questioning before government or private-industry panels, committees and agencies. The primary targets of such suspicions were government employees, those in the entertainment industry, educators and union activists.Suspicions were often wedded credence despite inconclusive or questionable evidence, and the level of threat posed by a persons real or supposed leftist associations or beliefs was often greatly exaggerated. Many people suffered loss of e mployment, destruction of their careers, and even imprisonment. Most of these punishments came about through trial verdicts ulterior overturned, laws that would be declared unconstitutional, dismissals for reasons later declared illegal or actionable, or extra-legal procedures that would come into general disreputeGetting away from the crucible, conflict tests the character of a sporting a ordination or team, just look at Brendan Fevola the former Carlton and Brisbane Player the conflict he caused for both clubs really test the character of the football club and when it came to whether he had to be sacked or not, showed there strength as football club and how they wont stand for such nonsense with a thespian of their football club.They had a player who all he did wrong at their club was get drunk on New Years evening which surely he wasnt the only the one, flashing a women which the police cleared him of anyway it seemed they were eager to this as a scapegoat to get relieve of him, the whole Lara Bingle conflict which actually happened at another club and none of this couldve possibly came into consideration but it all somehow did have an solution on the final outcome

Microsoft Powerpoint Presentation Essay

a) Answer online Week 7 Forum Question (2%)i. Research a few of the proposed changes to SMTP and DNS that argon designed to funk or eliminate SPAM. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is responsible solely for sending e-mail messages. In Linux/UNIX, the send mail program activates in response to a command and sends the requested message.DNS servers, in any case called shout out servers, contain the server application that supports name-to-address translation. I was introduced to DNS servers earlier in the.Typically, the system on which the name server resides is called the name server system.DNS is a decentralized system It does non depend on whizz source for updates, and one server does not pedigree all the data. Instead, DNS is a distributed database that exists on name servers across the Internet.Microsoft Out side, a popular email application often used in conjunction with Microsoft Office, comes with many Windows operate systems as a standard feature. Like other email pr ograms, Outlook is vulnerable to spam, or junk emails. Spam emails some condemnations carry viruses and can play your inbox with junk, obscenity and advertisements. But you can stop spam in Outlook by altering the level of spam protection on the program. One of the virtually dramatic changes of the next 10 forms will be the emergence of everyday robots and computer intelligences in our economy and everyday lives. And since the real estate sedulousness is, at its core, a knowledge diligence, the emergence of computer intelligences is going to affect all the players in the industry in a variety of ways.Richard Worzel is not yet a Chartered Financial Analyst and best-selling author, but is Canadas postulateing futurist. In this presentation, he provides an everyplaceview of how these developments, plus other tech-related looks, will change the industry and the way things are done, including Crowd sourcing The rating of houses, real estate companies, and legal services will mo ve even more than quickly in the directions pioneered by tripadvisor in travel, and Amazon in customer-rated books. This will include comments on neigh bourhoods, brokers and agents, and home-builders, as come up as alternative service providers and even times of the family when sellers can achieve the greatest success.Artificial intelligence Computer intelligences will become power aids to those in the real estate industry, as tumefy as potential threats to some. Such intelligences will be able to quickly assess industry, national, regional, and neighbour data to reveal trends not immediately apparent, gauge the enduringness of economic activity with special emphasis on shifts in sentiment and interest rates, and read body language to assess the seriousness or convulsion of specific individuals intimately either buying or selling. Meanwhile, routine work, such as legal documentation, will increasely be done by ever-more forward-looking computer software.Its clear that engi neering is advancing with unprecedented speed, but what is less clear is what cause these advances will have on strain, government, consumers, and society. Yet the downstream effects the secondary, tertiary, quaternary effects and beyond of technological developments are almost always more significant than the immediate impact of the technology itself.For instance, refrigeration lengthy life expectancy the invention of air travel revolutionized warfare, helped produce McLuhans Global Village, spread new diseases with unprecedented speed, and boosted globular terrorism computer games lead to childhood obesity and health problems and may be eroding the socialization skills the allow society to function and the Internet is redefining the way business is conducted as well as revolutionizing politics.Respond to at least 2 students.b) Complete and submit the class Project Paper and Presentation perk details below (15%)Lessons eyeshot the video for Lesson 7Project Paper and Presen tation (Post them under Week 7 Assignment landing field as a Microsoft Word document (10%) and a Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation (5%). You must(prenominal) include at least ten references. Details of the Project Research and select a current trend in the area of telecommunications. Prepare a 10-15 page paper in Microsoft Word (counts as 10% of the final grade) AMU approved APA format (see writing expectations in the Policies section) (350 words per page). At a minimal include the following Detailed description of the area researched Technology involved in the area. We provide both point and end-to-end solutions that leverage industry best practices and technology to deliver world-class logistics and supply chain performance. Our approach helps companies create competitive advantages by reducing costs while increasing service, visibility, responsiveness and customer satisfaction through enhanced supply chain performance.TechnologyThe technology utilizes robust, innovative techn ology to optimize transportation assets and shipments, reduce release miles, and provide our clients with succinct, actionable management information. Our web-enabled transportation management system provides clients with real-time visibility into transportation status and information anywhere in the world. Complementing this technology is our squad of dedicated front-line logistics managers and staff.With decades of experience improving the flow of goods through every step in the supply chain, the team is committed to supply chain excellence and to accelerating time to results. The comprehensive supply chain assessments and analyses enable clients to capitalize on opportunities to shorten order-to-cash cycles, and reduce transportation expenses, optimize production processes, and improve customer service, No matter what your logistics challenges, The company solutions pave the way to operational efficiency and competitive advantage. Future trends in the area. The top business tre nds event providing you with the visionary views and practical applications that make you more valuable as a person and more effective as a professional. Polling from the United States and major countries in Latin America, Asia and Europe, the survey reported that 60 percent of employees use a mobile device for work, with an anticipated increase in second of devices per employee. Whether its multiple laptops, smart phones or tablet computers, the anatomy of devices will rise from 2.3 per employee in 2012 to 2.8 in 2014.This is the next in a series that Ive been writing called Future Trends. In this series Ive been steady looking at various states across the country, analyzing where trends are going. The exit installment that I wrote was about the FL Panhandle. In this post I focus on the Jacksonville Area. originally I continue, though, here are previous installments Overall the trend in the area is clear growth.St. Johns seems to be growing the fastest, although Clay isnt that far behind. Duval seems to have added the largest amounts of people. Baker and Nassau, while growing, dont seem to have been as significant as those other counties. Although these numbers dont include 2008, which doesnt include the drop-off in FL growth that might have happened due to the housing crisis, Jacksonville continues to attract people. It is a growing part of the state. ideal companies involved in the area.Food Technology Service Medical Service Companies Information Technology Services Stocks Funds Holding Matrix Service community Information Technology Services Shares Communications Services Companies Food Service Companies Transportation Services Companies Financial Services Companies Energy Service CompaniesServices Companies merchandising Services Companies Regulatory issues surrounding the area. Regulatory issues are those issues that result due to error on behalf of the accused. For example, when you walk into a business where someone is mopping, you tend to see t hat there are signs visible that say things like cautionwet floor or slippery when wet during the snow seasons. This is due to the regulations a business must adhere to. If these signs were not posted and a persons slipped, fell, and broke their leg, they would be able to to sue the business. This would create a regulatory issue. Application Performance focal pointSolutions* Application Performance Management* Server Performance Management* System ManagementServer & Application exhaust Tools* Help Desk Management* Active Directory Solutions* screen background Management bundle* pound Management and IT Compliance* Integrated IT Management* VirtualizationEnterprise Management & Security Products* Active Directory Management* Active Directory Auditing* Application monitor* Asset Management* Bandwidth Monitoring & Traffic Analysis* Customer Support Software* Desktop Management* Exchange Reporting Tool* Firewall Configuration & Log Management* Help Desk Software* Integrated IT Manag ement (IT360)* IP Address Management (IPAM) Software* Log Management & SIEM* MSP Desktop Management* MSP Help Desk Software* MSP Network Management Platform* Network Configuration Management* Network Monitoring Software* Network Security Scanner with Patch Management* OS Deployment* Password Management* Self-Service Password Management* Storage Management Software* SQL Server Management* Website Monitoring & Server Monitoring (On-Demand) Social ITManageEngine Free Tools Global implications for the area Five Global Problems and How Canada Can Solve Them Maybe its that were not looking at the big picture. Or peradventure it would just be too overwhelming if we did, but some of the solutions currently being applied to national issues have greater, global application and relevance. Most global problems are dealt with on a country-by-country basis. Sure, we have the Hague and Kyoto and Maastricht, but when you begin counting the meaningful international treaties, you almost affect out of names before you run out of fingers.Its too easy to view issues on a regional level and miss the fact that most problems have global implications. So too, we tend to view the solutions on a regional level without considering that a local solution may have global benefit. Canadians have come up with creative solutions to problems that are not unique to Canada, but rather stretch well beyond our borders, and have the potential for widely distributed application. Lets look at the some of the global issues that Canadians have attempted to solve on a regional levelFisheries DepletionFor over twenty dollar bill percent of the worlds people, fishing is more than a pastime its a means of survival. The international trade in fish and fish products exceeds $50 meg a year. With demand high and resources finite, the resultant shortfall has global implication. According to the World Wildlife Federation, a full 50 percent of marine fisheries are fully exploited, twenty percent are over-expl oited, and the rest are being harvested in an unsustainable manner. Among the major marine fish cables, such as arse around and tuna, three out of foursome are being fished beyond their biological limits. To counter the shortages, many governments, including Canada, have encouraged the rapid growth of aquaculture. As a result, farmed fish now draw for one-third of the worlds fish production.While this has countered the sustainability concerns, other problems have developed as a result. In Canada, particularly the West Coast, fish farms chip in considerable amounts of pollution and waste. The close proximity of the confined fish increases the propagation of sea lice, and escaped farmed fish spread lice and disease to wild stocks. Just last year, as the British Columbia government lifted a seven-year moratorium on new fish farms, one of Vancouver Islands most significant pink salmon runs had already collapsed, and more than three million salmon failed to return to spawning river s. Making the international fishing industry sustainable would require some large-scale initiatives, including huge reductions in fishing fleets, concerted effort in controlling illegal fishing and fishing practices, and strictly enforcing limits on the number of fish harvested in a given area.The fish farm industry would also need careful review to ensure that in attempting to meet demand for fish, wild stocks are not completely wiped out in the process. The solution, some argue, is even simpler if fishing is banned in a given area for several years, the rebound in stock is significant, the overall catch is increased, and the industry becomes sustainable. Last fall the Economist reported a study which discovered that in some 100 areas where such bans occurred, the number of fish increased 90 percent within a few years, their size increased 30 percent, and the number of species by 20 percent.These effects, the researchers contended, seemed to spill over into adjacent areas where f ishing remains permitted. As the Canadian experience can attest, it is not as easy as all that. Quota regulation of the Atlantic cod stocks was introduced in 1973. Labeled as the Total Allowable Catch (TAC), the policy was ineffective, due to the restrictions being set too high too quickly, and partly because enforcement was not effective. In 1992, Canadas Department of Fisheries and Oceans took one step further, imposing a moratorium on cod fishing off the coast of Newfoundland, after scientists de confinesined that good cod stock had dropped by 99 percent from the numbers recorded in the 1980s.Despite these measures, cod stocks really have not seen much of a rebound. It is now time for us to take a different approach. Stopping the commercial cod fishery alone will not work, argues Fred Woodman, chairman of the Fisheries pick Conservation Council, an arms length body that advises the Federal Fisheries Ministry. He recommends that the government make a long-term commitment to rebu ilding the stocks, establishing community councils to make recommendations about the local fishery, and amending the moratorium to provide protection for the most vulnerable areas and allow fishing in those areas where there has been some growth. The lessons Canada has learned from the moratorium in Newfoundland, the fish farms in the Pacific, and the Atlantic cod industry quotas are ones that need to be shared with other nations facing similar problems. piddle DepletionOne of the less-publicized, yet globally significant, side effects of climate change is global water depletion. Many of the worlds inland seas, such as the Black Sea, Aral Sea, and Lake Chad, have shrunk to a fraction of their size forty years ago. It is estimated that 1.5 billion people do not have access to adequate supplies of safe deglutition water, and by 2020, up to 3 billion people could face acute water shortages. Water scarcity is caused mainly by increased demand and pollution, and is aggravated by global warming. Water deficits also occur from the demands of irrigation and industry, which account for almost three-quarters of the worlds demand for water. More than half of the water entering irrigation systems never actually make it to the crops, due to improper irrigation equipment, leaks, or wasteful practice.Excess irrigation, on the other hand, does irreparable damage to rivers and marshes, by changing local ecosystems patterns and by carrying chemicals, fertilizers and pesticides back into the water supply. Water deficits have the potential to become a major global challenge. Control of water could become a major cause of international conflict, particularly where one country has the ability to restrict or control the flow of crucial waterways. Desalination of sea water is the most logical alternative to freshwater irrigation and drinking water. The process, however, is still prohibitively expensive. Greater effort, however, should be put toward this initiative. Canada actively supports desalinisation research and has provided federal subsidies to a number of Canadian companies like Candesal, which develops affordable desalination techniques such as using the excess heat generated by power stations.Water, labeled the new gold by some, has not quite matched its counterpart in price, supply or distribution. What we dont value, we wont conserve, contends Ducks Unlimited, an organization committed to preserving Canadas wetlands. One of the major causes of water scarcity and damage to freshwater ecosystems, the organization contends, is the gross under-valuation of water. By failing to acknowledge its importance to survival, we may unwittingly deplete the earths water supply. $75 billion per year is invested in water infrastructure and management in developing countries, almost one third of this coming from Canada alone.As well, Canada has played a significant function in desalination efforts and is a key player in supporting the development of desalination units. These efforts, however, must be sustained over the long term to make any meaningful impact. Canada, a country which possesses the greatest amount of freshwater in the world, can to use this position to raise awareness of worldwide water deficits, and the need to actively deal with the shortage. References (minimum of 10)i. Prepare a 10-12 slide Microsoft PowerPoint highlighting the content from the paper. Use Camtasias world-class screen save technology to record your PowerPoint slides, onscreen activity, voice, and webcam video. Easily turn your PowerPoint presentations into reusable, HD-quality videos that your viewers can access anytime, anywhere (Counts as 5% of the final grade) ii.Use Camtasias world-class screen recording technology to record your PowerPoint slides, onscreen activity, voice, and webcam video. Easily turn your PowerPoint presentations into reusable, HD-quality videos that your viewers can access anytime, anywhere. Open a new document in Microsoft PowerP oint. When you first open the program, the workspace is dissever into parts. The main window is the Slide pane, where you add new content to individual slides. On the left side is the Slides tab, which has thumbnails of each slide. You can use this tab to add, scrub or rearrange slides, and select which slide you want to work on. i.ii.ii. You are only required to submit a final paper and presentation. However, during the previous half-dozen weeks, you will be assembling the research paper and presentation. Feel free to post questions or portions of the paper for review at any time as an email to your professor. iii. You may use esources from the APUS Online Library, any library, government library, or any peer-reviewed reference (Wikipedia and any other publicly-reviewed source is not accepted).The paper must by at least 10 pages double-spaced, 1 margin all around, black12 point fonts (Times New Roman, Arial, or Courier) with correct citations of all utilized references/sources, (pictures, graphics, etc are limited allowed but extra for the minimum page count). The title page and references are also required but dont count in the minimum page count. The PowerPoint of 10-12 slides is a summary of this paper. No new topics, ideas or concepts are introduced in the PowerPoint that is not included in the paper. A minimum of 10 references are needed. The paper will be subjected to checking against plagiarism. iv. The required number of pages do not include title or references pages although these must be included.

Product life cycle Essay

Identify and assess the relevance of the product life pedal to the notion of employee engagement. Employee engagement can be viewed through the four stages of the product life-cycleStep one is the introduction of the concept of employee engagement, its principles, strategy for enhancing engagement and involving employees, process of falsify to ensure engagement is fully embedded into the organisation. Step two is growth and growing the concept of engagement through a number of mechanisms * Support from ranking(prenominal) and line managers* teaching of line managers in engaging staff * Clear communication and involvement strategy * Involving staff in organisational and business concern design * load-bearing(a) self and career comement planning * Identifying mechanisms for continuous staff feedback * Evaluating and adapting engagement strategies. Step three is reaching maturity and embedding and maintaining the above factors through continuous involvement, participation, commun ication, military rating and action And finally, step 4 is the inevitable decline, even though there is a decline it is still important to retain key employees, and their skills and fellowship, and therefore to unceasingly involve them in managing the change and future strategy.The employee engagement life cycle is an important tool for HR professionals to use to assess how the engagement product fits with the disdains objectives and strategy.Evaluate the future for employee engagement in the UK and global economic context.Future action plans include * Involving workers in identifying factors that will engage them further * stipulation of the demographic data and identification how to engage staff from all backgrounds at different levels * Further evaluation of the link between engagement practices and performance * Development of managers that can motivate and inspire staffMonster (2011) the online job advertising website conducted an international survey on employees views of t heir line managers and uncovered the following results * Only 10% described their manager as brilliant* 73% feels their manager does not invest in their self-development * 70% believe that they could do their managers job to a higher standard * 41% of UK workers felt their managers were totally incompetentLine managers are pivotal to enhancing engagement through empowering, motivating, inspiring, coaching and helping the employee develop themselves to enhance performance. Key areas where managers require further development include * Responding to grievances and confronting issues* Empowering and involving workers on decisions that impact on them * Treating all team members equitably and with respect and providing constructive feedback * Recognising and appreciating efforts (particularly arbitrary effort) * Being driven to deliver on commitments and promises made.Assess the future role of the HR professional and the HR function so far as the sustainable implementation of employee e ngagement practices is concerned.In order for HR to become more strategic, they need to ensure the HR strategies and the business strategies are aligned and both make to the overall business aim and objectives. If this is achieved then HR can be a driving force for creating an organisational strategy for competitive advantage.HR practitioners can go out organisation might and engagement levels to flexibly adapt to changing environmental and customer needs through an evaluation of the current resources in terms of skills, knowledge and behaviours and organisation design and development.Once the HR practitioner is vertically integrated within the business, they will be able to take advantage of future opportunities by becoming a key player in the strategic decision making process through providing extensive knowledge in terms of organisational capability in taking the opportunity to grow into new markets, or determining future strategies and actions required.

Engineering Ethics of Titanic Sinking Essay

Utilitarianism Look at the largeWhen engineers design a product galore(postnominal) things go in to the decision making exhibit when it comes to selecting materials, design, and the manufacturing processes. One concern that has always been in the decision making process is punctuateing to make sure the outcome will always be ethically ripe(p), although this isnt always the case. Try as they might, no person is perfect, and accidents do happen. When engineering disasters happen there are umpteen factors that may be involved, such(prenominal) as human factors, design flaws, extreme conditions, and materials failures. When these things do happen it is authorised to look at the ethical aspect of each part of the failure and try to analyze if any adept person could be put at fault.One precise famous and very disastrous engineering failure was when the unsinkable big hit an iceberg lettuce and sank. The Titanic was a British ship originally conceived in 1907 to be a mail and pas senger line to go from England to New York by the Harland and Wolff Irish Shipbuilding Company and The White Star Line to compete with the Lusitania and Mauritania which were the two biggest and fastest soft-shell clams at the time. When the Titanic was constructed weighed and astounding 46,000 tons, which was one and a half propagation heavier than the Lusitania and Mauritania. The Titanic was to be far more extravagant than its counterparts. It had luxurious accommodations for its first partitioning passengers including on-board swimming pools, a gymnasium, bath cortege with stained icing windows and comfortable furniture, and so far the styles of decor differed from cabin to cabin. The Titanic also had a capacious number of less glamorous rooms to accommodate middle class passengers, which is where they planned to make a lot of their profit. Although it was more luxurious, the Titanic was slightly s commencementer than its competitors.The ship set sail on April 10, 1912 for its maiden voyage. It s go acrossped at Cherbourg, France and Queenstown, Ireland to let on more passengers and mailbefore setting off for its final destination around dusk of April 11. The next afternoon, reports of an ice in steamship lanes were heard everywhere the radio, but this was not unordinary for the time of year. As time went on more detailed warnings were being received and it became apparent that an ice range lay in the path of the Titanic. The ship tried to divert its path twice to miss the ice field, but on the night of April 14, lookouts spotted and iceberg in the immediate path of the Titanic. The ship tried to reverse directions when the warning came but it was too late. The Titanic struck an iceberg estimated to be six times more massive than it. This caused the hull, which had become less ductile due to the freezing water temperatures, to buckle allowing vast amounts of water to fill the ship. The Titanic was constructed with 16 unbendable compartments, and f our would be able to flood without incident, but this collision caused six of the compartments to flood. In less than three hours the massive shia form of ethics in which the manoeuvre of action should be to create the largest possible p carrying more than 2,200 people sank in below zero water. Only 705 passengers and crew survived and were picked up by the ocean liner Carpathia the next morning.To fully understand this disaster and its possible causes and alternate outcomes it is important to look at the possible causes individually as well as a whole. It is also important to look at them from many incompatible ethical perspectives, although, for this look at the sinking of the Titanic I postulate chosen to centering on a functionalism standard. Utilitarianism is a type of ethics popularized by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mills in which the aim of action should be to create the largest possible respite of pleasure over pain or the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. In other words, each decision should be made to take in the to the mettlesomeest degree happiness for the most people. This makes it a form of consequentialism, where the consequences of ones conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment astir(predicate) the rightness of that conduct. Jeremy Bentham created an algorithm to determine the degree or amount of pleasure that a specific action is believably to cause. He called this Hedonic Calculus and it was split into seven different categories. Bentham sottishd this calculation off of intensity, or the strength of the pleasure, duration or how long the pleasure will last, certainty or how potential it is pleasure will occur, propinquity or how soonthe pleasure will occur, fecundity or the likeliness it will be followed by pleasures, purity or probability that feelings of the opposite will occur, and extent or how many people will be affected. I will try to put some of the study failures of the Titanic in to these categories to determine the ethical standing of the engineers responsible for the Titanic.When analyzing this disaster the first thing to consider is the engineers design of the Titanic. The Titanic was employing many new and innovative designs that were believed to make the Titanic the safest ship ever built at that time. The engineers of the vessel made claims that the Titanic was unsinkable and that even in the worst possible accident at sea, the ship should have stayed afloat for two to three days. One of the features that lead them to this claim was the 16 stiff compartments in the hull of the ship. The way they were designed allowed for up to four compartments to be breached and they ship would still carry on. This feature of the ship would be a good act when looking at it from a utilitarianism view because in all categories of the hedonic calculus it seems like it will cause the most pleasure for the most number of people. Although the idea was good, it could be argued the e xecution was not. The compartments were made watertight by watertight doors that could be dropped manually if flooding occurred. This allowed for the compartments to be watertight horizontally, but the rooms had no ceilings, and the walls only went a few feet above the water line. This meant if a vast amount of water flooded a compartment it could flow over the top of one and spill into another. When applying the calculus to how the compartments were constructed the duration was medium because the walls at least slowed the water down some and hindered the sinking. The certainty and propinquity were good because it allowed for immediate pleasure, conversely the fecundity and extent are poor because the pleasure will be followed by pain when the compartments begin to spill over which would cause for a great number of people to experience pain, with a fewer number experiencing the pleasure.Another decision that led to the eventual demise of the Titanic was the materials chosen for the very important rivets. The flash of the Titanic also made it quite expensive to construct. To cut some costs the 3 millionrivets used were made of two different materials, one stronger than the other. Steel rivets were only used in the central hull of the ship because this is where the engineers thought that the strongest rivets were needed. Weaker iron rivets were used in the stern and bow of the ship. This low quality metal used on these parts lost their integrity and became brittle in extremely cold waters, like the ones the Titanic would be locomotion through. When applying to utilitarianism to this decision it is clear to see that this was a bad action. The duration of the pleasure would only be until something threatened to break the weaker rivets, but this is where you would want pleasure the most. It is improbable that pleasure would continue throughout the life of the ship or happen suddenly so the certainty and propinquity are also bad. It is not likely that the pleasure of cutting costs would be followed by other pleasures so the fecundity and purity would be low. The extent of this possible pain would be very great while the pleasure of saving money would only help a few which is also very bad in a utilitarian sense.The last oversight I will look at is the number of life boats on the Titanic. There was a law that required all vessels over 10,000 tons to have at least 16 life boats on deck. These were considered to be unappealing to the eye, so to try and give the greatest pleasure to their passengers the Titanic only had 20. Even though its massive size would have required over four times as many boats. This decision was made because the Titanic was unsinkable so the life boats were more on board to help save survivors of other boat crashes. This decision was initially pleasurable, but due to the share turned out to cause great pain. The duration of the pleasure would be great as long as the boats were never needed. The certainty, propinquity, an d extent were all high as long as the boat was above water. But if a crash happened all of these along with the purity and fecundity became very low. This action would have to be considered a bad action because when designing a ship you must consider the worst possible situations.When looking at all these flaws from a utilitarianism view it is clear that short term pleasure was always chosen over the possibility of long term painor pleasure. This resulted in many thing being pleasurable up until the crash, but when designing a product where people lives may be at risk it is important to base your decisions on what would cause the greatest pleasure for the greatest number of people in all possible situations and outcomes. The hubris of the engineers clouded their vision and they failed to do this which resulting in the expiry of 1500 of the 2200 people on board the Titanic when it sank.Bibliography1. http//www.matscieng.sunysb.edu/disaster/2. http//www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/9801 /Felkins-9801.html 3. http//www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/4. http//www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/titanic.htm5. http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary6.http//www.writing.eng.vt.edu/uer/bassett.html7. http//www.titanicuniverse.com/

Total Quality Management Definitions

Total Quality Management is formally defined in BS 7850-1, paragraph 3. 1, as management philosophy and company practices that aim to weapons the human and material resources of an makeup in the most effective way to bring home the bacon the objectives of the organization. 3 Total quality management bunghole be summarized as a management system for a customer-focused organization that involves all employees in continual improvement.It uses strategy, data, effective communications and involvment of all level employeess to integrate the quality discipline into the socialisation and activities of the organization. Customer-focused. The customer ultimately determines the level of quality. No matter what an organization does to foster quality improvementtraining employees, integrating quality into the design process, upgrading computers or softw be, or buying new measuring toolsthe customer determines whether the efforts were worthwhile or not. Total employee involvement. All employe es participate in working toward common goals. Total employee commitment can only be obtained after fear has been driven from the workplace, when empowerment has occurred, and management has provided the proper environment. High- executing work systems integrate continuous improvement efforts with normal caper operations. Self-managed work teams are one form of empowerment. Process-centered. A fundamental part of TQM is a focus on process thinking.A process is a series of steps that take inputs from suppliers (internal or external) and transforms them into outputs that are delivered to customers (again, either internal or external). The steps required to carry out the process are defined, and performance measures are continuously monitored in order to detect unexpected variations in the process. Integrated system. Although an organization may consist of many different functional specialties often nonionic into vertically structured departments, it is the horizontal processes inte rconnecting these functions that are the focus of TQM. Micro-processes add up to larger processes, and all processes aggregate into the business processes required for defining and implementing strategy. Everyone must deduct the vision, mission, and guiding principles as well as the quality policies, objectives, and critical processes of the organization. Business performance must be monitored and communicated continuously. ?An integrated business system may be modeled after the Baldrige National Quality Program criteria and/or incorporate the ISO 9000 standards.Every organization has a unique work culture, and it is virtually impossible to achieve excellence in its products and services unless a good quality culture has been fostered where everyone works for the quality. Thus, an integrated system connects business improvement elements in an attempt to continually improve and exceed the expectations of customers, employees, and all other stakeholders. Strategic and systematic appr oach. A critical part of the management of quality is the strategic and systematic approach to achieving an organizations vision, mission, and goals.This process, called strategic planning or strategic management, includes the formulation of a strategic plan that integrates quality as a core component. Continual improvement. A major thrust of TQM is continual process improvement. Continual improvement drives an organization to be both analytical and creative in finding ways to nonplus more competitive and more effective at meeting stakeholder requirments and expectations. Fact-establish decision making. In order to know how well an organization is performing, data on performance measures are necessary.TQM requires that an organization continually collect and analyze data in order to improve decision making accuracy, achieve consensus, and allow prediction based on past history. Communications. During times of organizational change, as well as part of day-to-day operation, effectiv e communications plays a large part in maintaining morale and in motivating employees at all levels. Communications involve strategies, method, and timeliness. These elements are considered so essential to TQM that many organizations define them, in some format, as a set of core values and principles on which the organization is to operate.

Concussions Research

Every year hundred of thousands college and highschool-pitched school student athletes receive sport cogitate cuts (Meadows 107-108). Not only do the athletes who play the hard striking contact sports such as football and hockey receive concussions, the basketball impostors and soccer players receive them as well. in time though most of the concussions acquire were mild or vagabond 1 concussion athletes still receive severe symptoms due to existence able to participate too soon (Solomos 2435-2436).In order to protect college and high school athletes, colleges and high schools fetch to take concussions much seriously and adopt new safety guidelines for concussions injuries. It is necessary for athletes to know the dangers of concussions. A concussion happen when an impact to the head makes the brain move around in the skull (Vance A36-A38). Due to the stuff of the impact concussions burn down cause minor or major head trauma. There are trey different stages or grades of concussions A minor concussion or grade one concussion may involve being dazed, head ringing, a minor headache, and a very brief loss of ken.A more severe concussion such as a grade 2 concussion may cause being blacked out, confusion, a pounding headache, and blurred vision. The most server concussion or grade 3 concussion may cause being blacked out, nausea or vomiting, loss of short margin memory, and saying the same thing over and over(Cunha 581-585). The most dangerous symptoms occur when a player is cleared to play to begin with he/she has fully recovered from their concussion. When an athlete is cleared to play before he/she has fully recovered that is when death can occur.Not only are concussions common in college sports but concussions are more common and more dangerous in high school sports. In an experiment done by American Family Physician writer Richard Sadovsky found out many raise facts about college and high school athletes who suffer from concussions. Accord ing to Sadovsky college athletes had a high rate of loss of consciousness than high school athletes, but at 24 hours after injury, longer memory impairment was higher in high school athletes(171-172).Also Sadovsky found out that post concussion symptoms lasted longer in high school athletes then in college athletes (171-172). Sadovsky also concluded that neuropsychological recovery was slower in high school athletes (171-172). To explain the difference between college and high school, the author stated that in that respect is more prolonged cerebral swelling in less mature brains (Sadovsky 171-172). some other argue why high school athletes have more dangerous symptoms is because not all athletes in high school are well trained or in shape for the sport they play.Male athletes arent they only ones who have to worry about concussions, according to Time female athletes suffer from more concussions than male athletes do (Gregory 69-70). Even though contact sports such as football and hockey have the highest rates of concussions studies show that female athletes actually suffer from concussions more then males do in sports that both males and females can play. One reason is that female athletes are more common to report a concussions then male athletes.But there are anatomical reasons that explain why females are more likely to have a concussion diagnosed (Gregory 69-70). The top reason why females receive more concussions then males is because research proves that mens necks are 20% larger and 50% stronger then womens necks(Gregory 69-70). This is important because with bigger stronger neck muscles the athlete can balance the head during impact and lower the chances of brain being moved around during a collision.Another reason why girls suffer more concussions is because of the way they play. Kevin Guskiewicz, director of the Sports Medicine Research Laboratory at the University of North Carolina, has found that female athletes are more likely than male athl etes to land on the pedestal or field with their knees locked (Gregory 69-70). This is important because with their knees lock they have less balance, and with less balance increases there chances of hitting the ground or another player.Referencehttp//www.emedicinehealth.com/concussion/article_em.htm

Student Sport and Fitness

T satisfactory of Contents 1. Introduction3 2. Key literature freshen3 3. Methodology5 4. Presentation of findings7 4. 1. numeric info7 4. 2. Qualitative data12 5. Data analysis14 5. 1. intuition of NTUs sweep over Students towards divert and fitness14 5. 2. Do NTU Master Students maintain their health by participating in run around and corporal activities? 15 6. Reflections on the Collection and utilization of Data17 6. 1. meditative Observation18 6. 1. 1. Collection Data18 6. 1. 2. Utilisation of Data19 6. 2. Abstract Conceptualisation20 6. 3. Active Experimentation20 7. Conclusion21 References22 Appendices24 ? 1.Introduction Nowadays, Sport and Fitness is becoming to a greater extent and more alpha in life of every(prenominal) the great unwashed all everyplace the world. accord to Euro barometer (2010), it is because people argon organism aw ar of the vital of doing pleasure and forcible activity to improving health both in physiologic and affable. However, due to the lack of information in connection with university student in the UK, this report authorizeigates the perception and effect of students towards lark and fitness of students in Nottingham Trent University (NTU). The data which is utilised in this study was acquired through numeric and soft search.Questionnaire and interview atomic number 18 respectively conducted on 50 and 10 NTUs Man geezerhoodment Master Students of kinfolk course of the academic year 2011/2012. The respond site is 100% for both types of investigatees. 2. Key literature review There be numerous studies of variation and fitness which illustrating vast advantages of fun participant. Sport and PA are constituents of enhancing health and enriching the social interconnection to punt a meaningful life to people all over the world (GRANT, 2001 COLLINS and KAY, 200328 RENFROW et al, 2011).Nevertheless, International Olympic commission (2011) emphasised the risk of insufficient playfulness and physi cal activities (PA) in adolescents which lead negative affect to health physically and mentally. Laverie (1998) suggests the most significant primings supercharge participants are commit fun, learn new skills, make friends, social group. However, despite the recognition of period of plays vitality, non every nonpareil go into in boast and PA, due to the residuals of a derive of factors.The table following illust rank two main factors which affect blow company the most age and sexual activity. There are overly or so studies nearly some other factors much(prenominal)(prenominal) as avail cleverness of green space and family culture. AUTHORSMain StudyAge sex activity otherwise factors VAN TUYCKOM, et al. (2010)Gender and age remnants in unceasing turn participation across 25 European Countries. The level of participation in unceasing libertine activities varies among young adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults age categories. In general, men participate i n regular sporting activities than women.COOMBES (2010)The relationship of PA and overweight which measured by accessibility and utilisation of green spacePeople scat to be more active and participate in sport and PA when cosmos surrounded with more green spaces RENFROW, M. S. , et al (2011)The relationship amid sports participation and health-related physical fitness in middle domesticate and high school. Increase in male participant will increase health-related physical fitness, but non egg-producing(prenominal)s due to the difference in pleasant of sport chosen. BIRCHWOOD, D. et al. (2008) WHEELER, S. 2012)Family culture has substantial affect to sport participation. active in the family which parents invest a considerable amount in sport will influence childrens sporting participation in the future. In this research, the word sport is employ non just now for activities which make specific skills and fixed rules to compete against other individuals or teams in specifi c areas. It in any case involves leisured physical activities which do non require competition but also result healths benefit much(prenominal) as going to usance at secondary schoolnasium.In other words, it is called informal activities (LAOUSTET and GRIFFET, 2001). BOREHAM and RIDDOCH (2001) mention that vie organized sports either formally or informally results healthy body for older children. Furthermore, people now participate in physical activities non only follow sport organisations but also on their make elbow rooms in the streets or in a park establish on the need in expanding green spaces or downtown park for informal activities (Coombes, 2010, LAOUSTET and GRIFFET, 2001). It is significant evidence demonstrating the benefit of sport and PA.The social unit world understands the eventful of sport and PA in life and there are an increasing number of organisations with several policies to incite participant in sport and PA to maintain health and fitness such as Sport England. However, the main subject is mostly children, young adult, athletic student and older people. That is the solid ground to carry fall out this report. 3. Methodology In this research study, primary research was conducted with the purpose of realizeing soft and quantitative data through enquirynaire and one-to-one interview.Quantitative research was conducted on the experiment of 50 management gain students of Nottingham Trent University. The questionnaire was developed to examine the perception and action of students for participating in sports. The questionnaires with 14 questions (see more in appendage A) were given out to 50 management cut through students with the respond rate is 100%. The research move to focus on equally gender among respondents, yet the reality is 29 male and 21 female person with a variety of age (Table 1) Table 1 Frequency of respondents on the basis of ages FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Valid1812. 02. 02. 0 2012. 0 2. 4. 0 2112. 02. 06. 0 22510. 010. 016. 0 23612. 012. 028. 0 241428. 028. 056. 0 251428. 028. 084. 0 2624. 04. 088. 0 2724. 04. 092. 0 3024. 04. 096. 0 3212. 02. 098. 0 3612. 02. 0100. 0 Total50100. 0100. 0 Qualitative research was conducted on 10 students. Each interviewee was asked eight questions within 8 minutes du balancen in average (see more in Appendix C). All interviews were recoded under authority of interviewees and consequently were coded in couch to be used in this study. Before carrying out the research, questionnaire and interview questions are piloted by all members in group 5-cohort D. 4. Presentation of findings 4. 1.Quantitative data Fortuitously, the ratio of students which place sport in priority position in their chance(a) life is equally with 50% do and another 50% do not. There is an assumption that sport which was ranked as 1st, 2nd or 3rd is considered as important in their day-after-day function. The result illustrates only 22 respondents (44%) who r anked sport as important in their daily routine. Among those, there are 6 respondents who are female (Table 2). Fourth is the most usual ranking for importance of sport in womens daily routine with 12 respondents. In a few(prenominal)(prenominal) case, respondents completely agree that sport is benefit to maintain physical health.Table 2 The important of sport in daily routine on the basis of gender (1 as the most important, and 6 as the to the lowest degree important) GenderTotalCumulative Total MaleFemale How is important of sport in your daily routine? 1Count5166 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 83. 3%16. 7%100. 0% 2Count43713 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 57. 1%42. 9%100. 0% 3Count72922 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 77. 8%22. 2%100. 0% 4Count5121739 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 29. 4%70. 6%100. 0% 5Count62847 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 5. 0%25. 0%100. 0% 6Count21350 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 66. 7%33. 3%100. 0% TotalCount292150 % within How is important of sport in your daily routine? 58. 0%42. 0%100. 0% According to show 1, respondents who considered sport as important in daily life are scattered from age 18th to age 30th. The middle line represents the median of the taste which means the middle value of broad(a) age experiment in this case, it is age 24th. The box sizing represents the distribution of the sample in this case, the sample mainly distributed among those respondents whose ages are between 24th and 25th.Two little circles on the graph represented two determine (18th age and 30th age) which extremely departed from the rest of sample. Figure 1 Box plots of ages among respondents who rated sport as most important. In asset to those 44% of in a higher place respondents, in term of sport, mostly they are outgo on fees (sport club or gym club fees) (24% in 44%) foll owing is equipment and others with 16% and 4% respectively (Table 3). Table 3 Frequency of respondents on the basis of which is washed-out most. FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Valid2856. 056. 056. 0 Equipment816. 016. 072. 0 Fees1224. 24. 096. 0 Others24. 04. 0100. 0 Total50100. 0100. 0 However, on the basis of gender, half of male (8 respondents) hap the most on equipment, 6 of the remainder spend on fees. On the other hands, 100% female merely spend on fees (Figure 2). Figure 2 What is the most pass on by male and female? In related to the frequency of sport participation, result signified 17 respondents doing sport 2 or 3 days per week which take 34% which is demonstrated on figure 3. Following right aft(prenominal) are weekly and occasionally with 28% (14 respondents) evenly. Figure 3 Frequency of participating in sport and PARegarding the attitude and action towards doing sport, sport playing in casual way is enjoyed the most according to 34 selections fro m respondents. The next most enjoyed is gymnastic activities in casual way with 15 selections. Following is doing sport and gymnastic activities in formal way with 13 and 4 selections respectively. Conversely, the most familiar way that respondents rattling do is doing gymnastic activities in formal way with 26 selections. Follow formally break out at gymnasium are doing gymnastic activities in casual way, doing sport casually and doing sport formally with 23, 20, 18 selections correspondingly (figure 4).Figure 4 Differences between attitude and action towards doing sport. Regarding the place students choose the most for doing sport sport clubs, gymnasium and parks are the priority choices (Figure 5). University ground is the least choice with only 4 selections. Figure 5 Where students choose to do sport the most. Result revealed only 24% (12 respondents) befuddle joined sport clubs with major reasons are keep fit and having fun (include their self and with friends).There is an exonerated format question which asked for reason why people in general joining sport clubs, results indicated involved for healthier, enjoyment and fitness, with the most public reason is healthier (11 given) (Figure 6). It is noticed that only two-third of total respondents provide reasons. Figure 6 Most popular reasons for students joining sport clubs Laziness was the majority reason (34 selections) for miscarry out sport and PA of superior students in NTU. Workload and meter backwardness respectively followed by with 15 and 13 selections (Figure 7) Figure 7 Most popular reasons for students to fail to participate in sport 4. . Qualitative data Research deliver the goods 7 out of 10 respondents have hobby which related to sport and physical activities (Table 4). Only one of them is doing sport formally that is defined as trainings with adequate facilities and coaches. Regardless of more or less respondents do not have sport hobby, everyone suggested sport is indispensabl e in life. They find it is healthier compare between before and later on doing sport. Table 4 Common hobby which related to sport and physical activities cited by respondents R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10 _Play badminton and tennis or some cadence go to gym.Doing sport activities, especially training boxing. Playing basketball with friends. _Playing sport broadly speaking. Going to gymPlay football, swimming, badminton_Love swimming and skating (Note R is interpreted as respondent) Despite of the similar sporting hobby, the reason for some respondents to participant in sport and PA is totally different (table 6). It is noticed not every respondents mention this in their firmness of purposes. Laziness is the reason that every respondents (100%) suggested for unsuccessful in participating in sport and PA. Table 6 Reasons for respondents participation in sport and PA R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10 N/ATo sign up ability to compete in matchesTo have fun with friends. Also it is better for health_N/ AI am not kind of sport person, but want to fit my bodyTo be healthy_N/A Result observe the difference in participation in sport and PA of several respondents who are international students (R1, R2 and R3) between in their home country and in the UK (Table 7) Table 7 Different in attitude of respondents R1In India go to gym twice or thrice per week In the UK no involvement in all sporting activities R2In India playing badminton, tennis In the UK go to gym only R4In Vietnam swimming, play basketball everydayIn the UK playing basketball, but not very frequency. Regarding the awareness of doing sport whether in formal or informal way, moderately, respondents are aware of so many opportunities to exercise around them, yet, not all of students take that. Conversely, in some cases, students are not aware that they are doing exercise by taking those opportunities. 5. Data analysis 5. 1. Perception of NTUs Master Students towards sport and fitness The objective of this research question i s to clarify there is a tight relationship between sport and fitness regardless formal or informal form.Besides, it also examines the most important issuance that students join sport and PA for. At a glance, from both quantitative and soft data, NTU students agree sport and physical activities has a relationship to fitness. In other words, they are accommodative to maintain their health not only in physical but also in mental side. Obviously, the result reflected equivalent points with key literature review. Research also realised NTU Master Students neither cant over towards informal nor formal sport and PA. The fact is 43 students want benefit from sport and gym in casual way and 44 students want them in formal way (Figure 3).In other words, it can be verbalise quite a lot of students actually do both formal and informal sport and PA. However, doing sport casually is the way they most enjoy. link up to qualitative data, most of respondents (exclude respondent 3) prefer casua l way doing sport mainly due to sloth and time constraint. For example, respondent 7 perceived sport in his daily routine completely casually. His exercise mainly are walking on the street or going to gym and exercise on his way. Also according to figure 3, the take reflected the difference in students attitude towards participating in sports and the action they really do.Indeed, 34 respondents enjoy playing sport casually however, only 20 students actually do that. Surprisingly, sport clubs where people can do sport formally is still the most popular place for NTU Master Students involving in sport and PA. With respect to which is spent on more in term of supporting participants, sport/gym club fees are spent on the most regardless the gender. Additionally, equipment is spent on predominantly by male. It is easily perceived that, female are more comparablely to get involve in sport and PA which is provided with convenience such as joining club to get full facilities and assistan ce from trainer.On the contrary, male students not only invest in fees but also in equipment and others which are able to offer substantial support to participants. Related to other study, findings indicated the most significant reasons which encourage NTUs students join sport clubs are to be healthier, enjoyment and fitness. By means of that, it clearly proved NTU Master Student are truthfully dreaded about their health. In contrast, when petition respondents whose hobby related to sport activities for participating reasons, 3 out of 4 respondents decideed not related to health benefit. Competition, have fun with friends and body fit were the answers.Essentially, sport brings so many benefits in general however, the benefits vary among different students. Whatsoever the benefits students want, health factor always exists. Indeed, doing sport require a large volume of movements including muscle groups used, hence, providing more strength, flexible and endured body and health (BOR EHAM and RIDDOCH, 2001) In brief, NTU Master Students take a relationship between sport and fitness regardless the way of acting neither formally or informally. There is a difference in students attitude towards doing sport and their real action.Health is the most concern issue for them to joining sport and PA. 5. 2. Do NTU Master Students maintain their health by participating in sport and physical activities? The objective of this research question is to find out whether students maintain their health by participating in sport and PA and also expose factors influence students participating in sport and PA. From the sections above it is straightforwardly seen that, even though students recognise the important of sport in life and really care about their health, not every of them participating in sport and PA.Only 44% respondents considered sport as important in their daily routine. However, there is not matching with other figure. In fact, up to 50% respondents tell sport is prio rity in their daily routine. The reason of bias might due to not reflect carefully before ranking the importance of daily activities of some respondents (question 3, see more in Appendix 1). In term of learning the frequency of participating in sport and PA of NTU Master Students, playing sport 2-3 days per week was chosen by more than two third of the sample size. Unpredictably, exercising everyday was the fewest choice with only 2 selections.Both quantitative and qualitative data reflected that laziness is the most considerable reason causing unsuccessful in doing sport and PA of NTUs student. through and through interviews, in addition to laziness, almost agreed they felt on joining in sport and PA because they are busy with their study which can be considered as the combination of workload and time constraint options in quantitative data. It is vital to understand the most considerable factors affect students concerning their involvement in sport. For NTUs Master Students, gende r reflected the significant difference in their attitude towards sport and PA.Indeed, among 44% respondents above, 72% of them are male, only 28% are female. This result reflected the issue about factors which affect peoples participation in sport and PA in Van Tuyckoms study (2010). However, only partial issue corrected as age tend to not have so much influence on NTU students participation (Figure 1). The reason is probably due to the limited on chosen sample which only subdue students. 24th and 25th are the most popular ages in this research due to the fact that normally, master students ages vary mostly between ages 22nd to age 25th.Therefore, it is understandable why respondents in 44% above mainly dispensed in those two ages. Added into the above, qualitative research discovered culture also contend important role in term of influence NTUs student in joining sport and PA. In more details, it is due to the differences in their social life and environment between their home co untries and the UK. Respondent 2 expressed after coming to UK for study, she unremarkably does not have so much time to exercise, therefore, going to gym and work out by her way in a short time is her solution for keeping fitness.Besides, respondent 4 who is influence to participate in sport by his friends stated due to lack of friends in the UK, he feel lack of motivation to do sport, therefore, he earlier stay at home and play his favourite com hurler games than involving in sport. Despite participating in sport and PA in clubs, gyms or exercise on one selfs way to keep fit and healthy there are tons of opportunities to exercise offered everywhere such as not taking a lift to go up but using a stair. by means of qualitative research, when being asked for the awareness of opportunities to exercise of people in general, the outcome was moderately balanced.A number of respondents divinatory people recognise opportunities to exercise during normal activities in life. Some of other s expressed the disagreement. Respondent 4 said Almost my friends like to play computer games we usually play games, so I dont think they feel what the opportunity to exercise is. Regarding whether people take opportunities to exercise or not, the results depend on their attitude towards sport and fitness, and the situation is. Respondent 3 answered because he does not really count on fitness thus, he takes lift when he feels lazy.Some respondents are happy to walk from home to school and sin versa as they enjoy exercising and also enjoy the fresh air. On the other hands, some people do not recognise themselves are exercising through their daily activities. Respondent 6 mentioned for generally female extremely love shopping, and that can be considered as an opportunity to exercise, but not everyone know it. Concisely, NTU Master Students do participating in sport and PA to maintain their health, yet, not everyone does. Research also figured out gender and culture have influence t he rate of involvement.Besides, people understand there are so many opportunities to exercise around them however, not all of them do. 6. Reflections on the Collection and Utilisation of Data Reflection is necessary in learning, which requires look back on what were been done, carefully think about it, learn from it to come through more effective performance (Moon, 1999). In this section, Kolbs learning cycle (1984) is used to facilitate the reflection of this report (Figure 7). I might start from reflection point forwards because cover experience was what I have been doing from the beginning to the end of this report.Figure 7 Kolbs Learning Cycle (Source Kolb, 1984 p. 23) 6. 1. pondering Observation 6. 1. 1. Collection Data At the beginning, we only concentrated to other core modules and underestimated the important of research method module. Therefore, we received almost negative feedback for formative presentation which was the chance for us to demonstrate our intellect of th e given topic as well as research questions. After the leading from module tutor, we dumb what we must focus on to draw appropriate research questions for our given topic.After our research questions were clear, learned from previous experience, we put a lot of effort to design questionnaire and interview questions from the starting point. Once again, we received a lot of negative feedback due to the lack of experience in designing questions. It was not because the questions did not support our research but the way of asking which were quite ambiguous and direct. As, those kinds of questions might cause difficulties for respondents when trying to answer them (Bryman and Bell, 2003).We learned from negative feedback, and redesigned them till reaching the most appropriate and supportive questions (see more in appendices A and C). Our group included five members had to conduct 50 questionnaires and 10 interviews. Consent form is attached to every single questionnaires and interviews f or respondents to read, understand and sign in which could ensure respondents confidence. The works were divided equally to each member. give thanks to the support of the university, we could complete our mission within one week.Also, the focused sample was our university fellows who did exactly the same as we had to do. Therefore, they ready helped us to fill in questionnaires as well as were being so desirous to answer our interviews. Despite of that, there were some limitations when collecting data. Firstly, we totally overlooked the gender factor in our sample involved due to our somewhat hasty when sending out questionnaires and delivering interviews which affected the final result. The fact, gender element did not affect so much on questionnaire analysis as luckily the ifferent ratio between female and male (0. 420. 5) among questionnaire sample was not significant. However, it did not repeat with interview sample (0. 30. 5). Therefore, in final result where related to gende r, I could not compare and reflect the outcome between qualitative and quantitative data. Knowing that university created favourable conditions to help us working smoothly, so we assay to collect all quantitative data in only a few hours. That is why we could not control the quality of each form and consequently led to a number of bias data.Therefore, the results were considered as moderately convincing. Even though the questionnaire form was designed and piloted before sending out to respondents, there were a few mistakes which we did not recognise until the collecting and analysing data process had finished. For example, in questionnaire form, still there is a leading question (question 14) which appear to lead respondents in a particular direction (Bryman and Bell, 2003). Moreover, such question did not provide respondents space to express their view completely.Question 5 was quite ambiguous that made few people confused to answer and therefore led to unexpected result. Our ques tionnaire involved a couple of open questions. Although answers required more time in coding but it also brought wider knowledge to us. Yet, the respond rate could not achieve 100% for those questions because it required greater effort from respondents and normally many of them did not pen expansively in questionnaires. Furthermore, question 9 and 10 was likely un adjuvant to research questions. 6. 1. 2. Utilisation of DataWe agreed to use Microsoft Excel as a first place where quantitative data are put together. Similarly, after interviewing, each member has a duty to write down transcripts of their interviews. Our leader was responsible for displace all data together and would send it to every member with purpose of ensuring same set of data is used. After receiving all data, SPSS and Excel were used at the same time to assist me analyse quantitative data in this report. On the other hands, interview data was coded with purpose of using in qualitative analysis.Two set of data su bsequently were compared and contrasted to each other to find differences and similarities. I believe our data are moderately reliable and valid. Firstly, our selected sample was current NTU Master Students therefore the results are repeatable for those studies with same kind of sample. Even though only 85% quantitative data was used due to some of asking questions did not relevant to research questions the remaining data was helpful to deliver meaningful information which presently answered our research questions.However, it is undeniable the limitation in utilising data, due to unachievable 100% respond rate in a couple of questions and the lack of designing questions. Indeed, there were too little options for respondents to choose in some questions. For example Question 13 actually had a wide range of answers, yet, we only provided 4 options included other options. 6. 2. Abstract Conceptualisation Bryman and Bell (200336) emphasise the vital role of research questions in impleme nting a research. Therefore, it is necessary and fundamental to draw appropriate research questions clearly from the starting point of a research.Consequently, qualitative and quantitative research must be designed under research questions in order to collect data that helpful in providing meaningful final results. In term of designing questions, sample size and gender ratio must be noticed to enable to gather supportive data. Testing questionnaire on some of our friends before sending out to ensure all questions are useful and enable to avoiding such as leading, ambiguous questions. Besides, put more effort during collecting period to avoid randomly answer from respondents.Throughout the researching period, we experienced not only academic works but also team working. Even though this is not our first time working together, yet the first time working together for such a long time. We understand that effectiveness of the whole group brings huge positive effect to our results. mergi ng on time, responsibility and enthusiasm are found as important in order to achieve the most effective result. 6. 3. Active Experimentation If I had to do this report again, I would try out what I have learnt from experiences.Firstly and also the most important thing is I would put exceedingly concentration from the very beginning. I would improve my designing questions skills through reading more books before starting designing. That would observe my time as well as increasing the effectiveness of the questions in particular and for whole research in general. When collecting data, I would be more concerned on choosing sample in order to get more reliable and validity data. When analysing data, analyse skills are extremely essential to be able to get the best out of the data.With the purpose of getting better research, I would improve my analyse skills and get better help from computer assisted such as SPSS for quantitative data or NVivo for qualitative data. Last but not least, when working with team, I would make sure that the group would follow triple elements above to work as the most effective manner. 7. Conclusion Throughout this research, the research questions raised at the beginning are able to be answered. Regarding sport and fitness topic, research found out the difference between attitude and action of NTU Master Students.Furthermore, differences due to gender, culture are also discovered. In addition to sport, although students are able to recognise opportunities to exercise in their daily life, they are not likely to reside in. A number of reasons were spotted concerning the failure in involving in sport and exercise. In general, it would bring highly effect to several health issues such as obesity which is extremely alert to not only developed countries but also developing countries. References ALAN, B. 1. , and BRYMAN, A. , 1947-, 2003. Business research methods. Oxford Oxford Oxford University Press.BIRCHWOOD, D. , ROBERTS, K. and POLLO CK, G. , 2008. Explaining differences in sport participation rates among young adults Evidence from the South Caucasus. European physical Education Review, 14 (3), 283-298. BOREHAM, C. , and RIDDOCH, C. , 2001. The physical activity, fitness and health of children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19 (12), 915-929. COLLINS, M. F. , and KAY, T. , 2003. Sport and social exclusion. Psychology Press. COOMBES, E. , JONES, A. P. and HILLSDON, M. , 2010. The relationship of physical activity and overweight to objectively measured green space accessibility and use.Social Science & Medicine, 70 (6), 816-822. EUROBAROMETER, 2010. Sport and Physical Activity pdf lendable at http//ec. europa. eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_334_en. pdf Accessed 11/04/12 GRANT, B. C. , 2001. Youre never too old beliefs about physical activity and playing sport in later life. Ageing and Society, 21 (6), 777-798. International Olympic Committee consensus statement on the health and fitness of young people through physical activity and sport. 2011. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45 (11), 839-848. KOLB, D. A. , and KOLB, D. A. 1984. Experiential learning experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. capital of the United Kingdom Englewood Cliffs, N. J. London Prentice-Hall. LAOUSTET, O. , and GRIFFET, J. , 2001. The Experience of Teenagers at Marseilles Skate Park Emergence and Evaluation of an Urban Sports Site. Cities, 18 (6), 413-418. MOON, J. A. , and MOON, J. A. , 1999. Reflection in learning and professional development theory and practice. London London Kogan Page. RENFROW, M. S. , CAPUTO, J. L. , OTTO, S. M. , FARLEY, R. R. and EVELAND-SAYERS, B. , 2011.The Relationship between Sports Participation and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Middle School and High School Students. Physical Educator, 68 (3), 118-123. VAN TUYCKOM, ,CHARLOTTE, SCHEERDER, J. and BRACKE, P. , 2010. Gender and age inequalities in regular sports participation A cross-nati onal study of 25 European countries. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28 (10), 1077-1084. WHEELER, S. , 2012. The significance of family culture for sports participation. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 47 (2), 235-252. Appendices Appendix A The questionnaire utilised to collect dataSTUDENT SPORTS AND physical fitness This questionnaire is designed as part of our research project which relating to Sport and Fitness among NTU Master Students. Please tag that your participation is voluntary and that your data are anonymous and confidential. 1)Age .. 2)Gender ? Male ? Female 3)Please rate the following options based on the activities you carry out in your daily routine (Rank on the scale of 1-6, 1 being more time allocated and 6 being least time allocated). ? Sport or exercise ? University work ? Home ? Job (Part-time/full-time) ? Social life Others If you rank out sports/exercise between 1 to 3 than answer 4th question 4)Which of the followings do you spend more on (in t erm of sport) ? Fees (club/gym membership) ? Equipment ? Other 5)In what ways and for what reasons you choose to do sport/exercise (Select with v) EnjoyWant Benefits Casual PlaySport established Play Casual PlayGym Formal Play 6)How often do you play? ? Everyday ? 2-3 days per week ? Weekly ? Monthly ? once in a while 7) Does sports/exercise take the priority position in your daily routine? ? Yes? No 8) Where do you usually play sport? ? Sport clubs Parks ? University grounds ? Street ? Gymnastic ? Other options 9)Are you aware of the different sports clubs available in the university? ? Yes? No 10)Have you join a sport club? ? Yes (go to Q11)? No (go to Q12) 11)Why did you join? (Give 1 or 2 reasons) 12)Why do other students join sport clubs? (Give 1 or 2 reasons) 13)Think of your friends who do not do sport.Why? ? Laziness ? Workload ? Time constraint ? Other reasons 14)Do you think sports are helpful in maintaining physical health? ? Yes? No Thank you for your precious time. We would be glad to have your bod and email address if you wish to be interviewed about this phenomenon. Name Email address . Appendix B Completed questionnaire Appendix C The interview questions utilised to collect data Question 1 What hobbies/activities you like doing in your spare time?Question 2 How people perceive about sports in their daily routine? Question 3 Do you think there is a relationship between sport and fitness? Question 4 What difference do you feel before and after doing sports? Question 5 Why people engage themselves in sports? Question 6 Do people recognise opportunities to exercise? (Did you take that? Or what reason for not taking that? ) Appendix D Observation sheet that other group member has performed on my interview Appendix E Observation sheet that I have performed on my group members interview